1. Mitosis FlipBook Quiz 1.Mitosis results in __, genetically _________ cells. a.1, differentc. 2, different b.1, identicald. 2, identical 2.What happens in metaphase? a.Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes b.Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell c.The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell d.Two distinct and identical daughter cells are formed 3.What are the phases of the cell cycle? a.Interphase, Postphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Cytophase b.Exophase, Prophase, Milliphase, Anaphase, Cytophase c.Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase d.Exophase, Postphase, Miliphase, Anaphase, Telophase 4.During what stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? a.Synthesis (S) stage c. Mitosis b.1 st growth staged. Anaphase 5.Name the stage of mitosis to the right a.Prophasec. Metaphase b.Anaphased. Telophase 6.Which structures contain genetic information that pass from cells to cells as they reproduce? a.Ribosomec. Plasma Membrane b.Chromosomesd. Spindle Fibers 7.Which term describes when the cytoplasm divides at the end of telophase? a.Mitosisc. cytokinesis b.Cell Plated. cleavage furrow

2. Sexual Reproduction Meiosis Chapter 10

3. Key Terms from Mitosis that we need to remember Chromosomes: structures that contain genetic information that pass from cells to cells as they reproduce Chromatin: the relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus Sister chromatids: structures that contain identical copies of DNA

4. Chromosomes: It’s all in the Genes Everyone in this class has characteristics passed on to them by their parents –These traits include height and eye color Instructions for each trait are located on chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of cells Each chromosomes consists of hundreds of genes

5. 3 Main Phases of the Cell Cycle 1. Interphase –Prophase –Metaphase –Anaphase –Telophase 3. Cytokinesis 2. Mitosis Nucleus divides New cell is created Cell grows, DNA is copied

6. Meiosis Overview Type of cell division or reduction division Our bodies make somatic cells through mitosis, whereas our bodies make gametes or sex cells (ex: sperm and egg cells) through meiosis A baby is first conceived when a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) combine in a process known as fertilization. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes decreases from diploid (2n= 46 in humans) to haploid (n=23 in humans). One somatic cell divides into 4 gametes (sperm and eggs), each with half the number of chromosomes as parent’s somatic cell.

7. There are 9 phases of meiosis, with 2 cell divisions –The steps of meiosis are similar to those of mitosis Important difference: Mitosis results in two, genetically identical cells, while meiosis results in four, genetically different cells Therefore, meiosis is important because it results in variation of genetic information Meiosis occurs in 2 phases: Meiosis 1 & Meiosis 2Meiosis occurs in 2 phases: Meiosis 1 & Meiosis 2 Meiosis Overview

8. Overview of Meiosis

9. PHASE OF MEIOSIS DescriptionPicture Pre-Meiosis: INTERPHASE  Cell grows in G Phase  Cell replicates its DNA  Genetic material duplicated (S Phase) MEIOSIS I PROPHASE I  Chromatin condenses into chromosomes  Homologous chromosomes come together  “ Crossing-over ” occurs METAPHASE I  Homologous chromosomes align at the middle of the cell ANAPHASE I  Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell TELOPHASE I  Two new cells are formed Now have two cells with half the number of chromosomes — 2n MEIOSIS II PROPHASE II  DNA does NOT replicate  Spindle apparatus forms METAPHASE II  Chromosomes align at the middle of the cell, ­­­­­ NOT in homologous pairs ANAPHASE II  Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole TELOPHASE II  Four haploid (n) ‘ daughter ’ cells created  MEIOSIS COMPLETE!

10. Meiosis I. Prior to division, amount of DNA doublesPrior to division, amount of DNA doubles

11. Crossing Over Segments of homologous chromosomes break and reform at similar locations.Segments of homologous chromosomes break and reform at similar locations. Results in new genetic combinations of offspring.Results in new genetic combinations of offspring. This is the main advantage of sexual reproductionThis is the main advantage of sexual reproduction

13. Microscopic Images of Meiosis

14. Word Maps Pick 2-3 words that you are unknown to you Complete a word map for each word Gametes, somatic cells, meiosis, mitosis, diploid, haploid, crossing over, homologous chromosomes, gene, trait, variability Word Explanation Sentence Draw an example Draw a non-example

15. Meiosis Performance Task Pick 2!! 1. Create a Meiosis book with pictures of each phase and descriptions 2. Create a rap or song describing Meiosis 3. Write an editorial or newspaper article explaining meiosis 4. Draw and explain the stages of Meiosis using paper plates You will have 50 minutes today to complete this performance task

16. Venn Diagram: Mitosis v. Meiosis MitosisMeiosis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction __ phases __ process of division __ new, identical cells Forms _______ cells Requires __ parent Requires ___ energy Occurs ______ Occurs frequently ____ DNA as parent __ phases __ processes of division __ new, unique cells Forms ________ Requires __ parent Requires ___ energy Occurs ______ Occurs less frequently _______ DNA as parent *Type of cell reproduction *Similar steps *Both pass on genetic information

17. Venn Diagram: Mitosis v. Meiosis MitosisMeiosis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 4 phases 1 process of division 2 new, identical cells Forms somatic cells Requires 1 parent Requires less energy Occurs faster Occurs frequently Same DNA as parent 9 phases 2 processes of division 4 new, unique cells Forms gametes Requires 2 parent Requires more energy Occurs slower Occurs less frequently Different DNA as parent *Type of cell reproduction *Similar steps *Both pass on genetic information

18. Lesson Closure 3 things you learned in class today 2 questions you have about the lesson 1 real-life connection