2. Geography Chapter 1 E.Q: What physical and Human features do Geographers study? Topic/Objective: Elements of Geography TEKS: 113.43-9(B) Describe different types of regions, including formal, functional, and perceptual regions. 113.43-13(A) Interpret Maps to explain the division of land, including man-made and natural borders, into separate political units such as cities, states, or countries 113.43-20 (A) Describe the impact of new information technologies such as the internet, Global Positioning System (GPS) or Geographic Information systems; 113.43-22 (C)

3. Warm-up Construct a list of words that come to mind when you hear the term “Geography” (3 minutes-Working Alone and Silently)

4. 50 States Music Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E2CNZIlVIg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E2CNZIlVIg

5. Elements of Geography ▪ Geography –Originated from Greek Language; Earth’s Description ▪ Geographers study Earth’s Physical and Environmental Features ▪ Humans, Animals, and Plants

6. How Geographers Impact our daily life ▪ Study Climate and Weather patterns ▪ Scientists study the environment’s effect on human growth, development and population ▪ Plan cities and neighborhoods with special consideration of how physical features may impact, traffic, population, economics

7. The World using Spatial Terms ▪ Location: a specific place on earth that Geographers use as a reference point ▪ Absolute Location: The exact place a place is found on the globe. ▪ Equator: The line circling the globe dividing into northern and southern hemispheres.

8. Absolute Location ▪ The Prime Meridian divides the earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. ▪ The Equator- the line circling the earth midway between the North and South Poles divides the earth into Hemispheres. ▪ Hemispheres: Halves ▪ Grid System-The pattern of lines encircling the globe which include the Equator and the Prime Meridian. ▪ ie: Dallas, Texas is 32 degrees N and 96 degrees W

9. Relative Location ▪ Relative location is the location a place is known by with regard to a nearby landmark. ▪ Ie: Houston’s relative location is near the Gulf of Mexico

10. Five themes of Geography http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79WrpKg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79WrpKg

11. Five Themes of Geography PlaceRegion Movement Location Human- Environment Interaction

12. Remembering the 5 themes ▪ If you can’t remember what they are, just ask MR. HELP!!! ▪ M – Movement ▪ R – Regions ▪ HE – Human Environment interaction ▪ L – Location ▪ P - Place

13. Places and Regions Place: A particular place with physical and human meaning ▪ Region: Areas united by certain factors ▪ Geographers determine what is similar and different among places and then create groups called regions. Regions ▪ Regions may share physical characteristics such as Soil type, climate or vegetation ▪ Regions also share human factors in common such as language, cultural norms or government

14. 3 Types of Regions Formal: A region which is uniform; in that it shares a common characteristic. ie: Corn Belt. The area between Iowa and Illinois because Corn is their major Crop. Functional: a central place and the surrounding area linked to it. For example, Houston Metropolitan area. Perceptual: popular feelings and images rather than objective data. ie: The Bible belt, The heartland

15. Types of Geographical Research ▪ Physical Systems: ▪ Geographers study how Volcanoes, hurricanes and other natural phenomenon impact and redesign the earth’s surface.

16. Types of Geographical Research Human Systems How people impact the planet; how and why do they form societies and create permanent features.

17. ▪ Environment and Society: ▪ Human Environment Interaction-The study of the relationship people and their physical environment. ▪ Uses of Geography: Geographers use research to predict future trends. Government Officials use data to determine how to zone or develop land.

18. Branches of Geography ▪ Physical Geography: The study of the earth’s physical features. Researchers look at climate, land, water, plants and animals.

19. ▪ Human Geography: (Cultural Geography) The study of human activities and their relationship to the physical and cultural environments.

20. Metereology ▪ The study of weather and weather forecasting. ▪ Historical Geography the study of places and human activities and the factors that have impacted them.

21. Geographers at Work ▪ Direct Observation: ▪ Using on site visits to conduct research. ▪ May also use remote sensing; satellite images and Ariel photographs.

22. ▪ Mapping: ▪ Cartographers are specialists who study and make maps. ▪ May create population density maps or geographic maps

23. ▪ Statistics: Researchers will collect numerical data such as rainfall or temperature relative to a particular time period or region.

24. ▪ Interviewing: Geographers will study a particular population by using a sample. ▪ Sample is a carefully chosen smaller section of the population.

25. ▪ Technology-Researchers use the latest technology such as sensors satellites and geographic information systems which are computer tools that arrange data in a meaningful way. ▪ Culture-Researchers use the tools of Sociology and Anthropology to study the relationship the environment impacts social structures and vice versa. ▪ Economics- How do people use, make and transport physical resources

26. History/Government- Galveston Island before and after hurricanes

27. Information Representation Making Maps, Graphs, and Diagrams Correctly

28. Scale ▪ Small Scale – Large Area – Very little detail ▪ Large Scale – Small area – A lot of detail

29. Graphs ▪ Circle or Pie – Parts of a whole ▪ Bar – Comparisons ▪ Line – Change in Variables

30. Diagrams ▪ A drawing to explain how something is done. Shows a process.

31. Homework (Due Wednesday 25 th /Thursday 26 th 1)You will create one Bar Graph, One Circle Graph, (Pie Chart) and One Diagram 2) The circle graph-favorite football teams of other classmates 3) Bar Graph- Favorite fruits of your classmates 4) A diagram of your cell phone or a cell phone showing the features

32. Circle Graph or Pie Chart Displays the relationship of parts to a whole as percentages

33. Bar Graph Bar Graphs use bars of different lengths to compare different quantities

34. Diagram A series of sketches or drawings to further explain and simplify a complex subject.

35. End of Chapter 1 Go Study for your Formative Test