1. Plant Reproduction
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2. INSTRUCTIONS
Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet.
Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes.
You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen.
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You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon.

3. Plant Reproduction Home Page1 4
Flower structure
Seed dispersal 5 2
Pollination
Germination 3
Fruit development

4. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

5. Use the diagram below to complete the labels on the flower structure worksheet
stigma
anther
style
stamen
pistil
filament
ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

6. Complete the functions table by clicking on the labels to discover their functions
stigma
anther
pistil
style
stamen
filament
ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

7. Flower Structure Quiz carpel sepal stamen peduncle
Click the correct answer
#1 What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram?
carpel
sepal X
stamen
peduncle
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

8. Flower Structure Quiz stigma sepal anther ovary
#2 Where is pollen made?
stigma
sepal
anther
ovary
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

9. Flower Structure Quiz petals style nectary ovary
#3 Where is the ovule found in a flower?
petals
style
nectary
ovary
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

10. Flower Structure Quiz X = style, Y = stigma X = filament, Y = anther
#4 Which parts of the flower are labelled below:
X = style, Y = stigma X
X = filament, Y = anther Y
X = stigma, Y = style
X = anther, Y = filament
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

11. Pollination The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

12. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
Click to view the animation
This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination

13. Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects or by wind
Use the information in the next two slides to complete the table comparing the adaptations of wind and insect pollinated flowers.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

14. Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur
nectar and a scent present
Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects
Sticky stigma to collect pollen
Brightly coloured petals
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

15. Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Pollen grains are very small and light. They occur in very large numbers
Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away
Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind
Petals are small and green as there is no need to attract insects
No scent or nectary
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

16. Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower
Click to show animation of self-pollination
Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

17. Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or…
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

18. …by having stamen and stigma mature at different times.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

19. Click on the icons below to view the summary videos on pollination
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
Pollination
Skip to 1:44 when you play this video
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
Insect pollination
Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self-pollination and cross-pollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

20. #5 Pollination is the transfer from….?
Pollination Quiz
Click the correct answer
#5 Pollination is the transfer from….?
the stigma to anther
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

21. #6 The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Pollination Quiz
#6 The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Wind and water
Insect and wind
Insect and water
Wind and birds
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

22. Pollination Quiz #7 Cross-pollination… Increases variation
Decreases variation
Is only performed by insects
Is only performed by wind
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

23. Pollination Quiz #8 Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by…
Having bright petals and a scent
Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas
Having sticky stigmas
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

24. Fertilization and Fruit Development
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

25. Once pollination occurs a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
pistil
ovary
Click to view the animation
ovule
Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

26. Fertilization occurs when the male gamete (sperm from inside the pollen grain) fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)
Click to view the animation
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

27. Watch this short introductory video to review fertilization
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
Complete the fertilization section of the worksheet

28. Seed Dispersal
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

29. After fertilization the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.
The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilized egg inside develops into an embryo plant.
Endosperm:
Food store
Testa:
tough seed coat
Plumule:
Embryo shoot
Micropyle:
Hole made by pollen tube
Embryo
plant
Radicle: Embryo root
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

30. Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes dormant because metabolic reactions stop. The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall
of the ovary
(Yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when you
crunch into an apple!)
seed
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

31. Seeds can be dispersed by: Wind Water Mechanical Animals
Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water.
Seeds can be dispersed by:
Wind
Water
Mechanical
Animals

32. Watch the video on seed dispersal
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms for seed dispersal

33. Seed dispersal quiz water mechanical wind animal
Click the correct answer
#9 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture
water
mechanical
wind
animal
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

34. Seed dispersal quiz mechanical animal water wind
Click the correct answer
#10 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture
mechanical
animal
water
wind
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

35. Seed dispersal quiz water wind animal mechanical
Click the correct answer
#11 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture
water
wind
animal
mechanical
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

36. Seed dispersal quiz animal mechanical water wind
Click the correct answer
#12 Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture
animal
mechanical
water
wind
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilization Seed Dispersal Germination

37. Germination
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

38. The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores—food for the plant)
Testa
(seed coat)
Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes.
The water also softens the testa to allow it to split.
Plumule
(embryo shoot)
Label the diagram of the seed and describe each part you may need to go back a few slides to the other diagram of the seed also.
Radicle
(embryo root)
Endosperm
Micropyle
(opening in the seed coat)
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

39. Enzymes are used in seed germination
Plumule
The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth
starch
amylase
secreted
embryo plant
absorbed
maltose
Radicle
This is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb more water
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

40. Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food
light
germination
Plant growth and development
soil
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

41. Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:
Answer the questions on the worksheet
Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the endosperm as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet
Days
Dry mass/g Y X
Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows
Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

42. Conditions required for germination Summarize the findings of the experiment shown below
4oC A
moist
dry
Warm B C D E
Oxygen present
No oxygen
No light
Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination

43. Now use your notes to complete the back page.
THE END!!
Now use your notes to complete the back page.
Packet Due Monday 2/29/16