1. Sexuality and Society Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Sex: A Biological Issue The biological distinctions between females and males Primary sex characteristics –Organs used for reproduction Secondary sex characteristics –Bodily development that distinguishes mature males and females Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Sex and the Body Intersexual people (hermaphrodites) –Possessing some combination of female and male genitalia Transsexuals –People who feel emotionally linked to one sex, but are biologically the other –Often expressed feeling is “trapped in the body of the wrong sex” –Disregard conventional ideas about how males and females look and behave Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Sex: A Cultural Issue Cultural variation –Showing affection and sexual position –Notions of modesty –Restrictions placed upon openness The incest taboo –Found in every society –The norm forbidding sexual relations between certain relatives Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. National Map 8.1 First-Cousin Marriage Laws across the United States Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. The Sexual Revolution 1960s: A new openness toward sexuality –Birth-control pills –Double standard challenged –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol3IfWX8rRA (Glam Rock and The Sexual Revolution)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol3IfWX8rRA –http://www.hulu.com/watch/5115/nbc-news-time- capsule-the-summer-of-love-1967Summer of Love 1967http://www.hulu.com/watch/5115/nbc-news-time- capsule-the-summer-of-love-1967 Premarital and extramarital sex –Men and women are almost equal in the percent reporting premarital sex. –American youth broadly accept premarital sex. –75% of men and 90% of women remain faithful during marriage. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. The Sexual Revolution Sex between adults –1/3 have sex a few times a year or not at all –1/3 have sex once to a few times a month –1/3 have sex with a partner two or more times a week Sex over the life course –Patterns of change with age. –Males are sexually active by age 16, females by age 17. –Age 60: 85% of men and 60% of women say they've been sexually active in the past year. –Sexual activity is a normal part of life for most older adults. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Figure 8.1 The Sexual Revolution: Closing the Double Standard Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Sexual Attitudes in the US The sexual counterrevolution –The return to sexual responsibility –Limited partners –STDs –Premarital sex Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Global Map 8.1 Contraceptive Use in Global Perspective Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Table 8.1 How We View Premarital and Extramarital Sex Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Sexual Orientation Heterosexuality –“Hetero:” the other of two Homosexuality http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJZk9izaku M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJZk9izaku M –“Homo:” the same –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_nqYnjfe_8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_nqYnjfe_8 Romantic and emotional attraction to another person

14. Sexual Orientation –What does it mean to be masculine or feminine? –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gspaoaecNAghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gspaoaecNAg –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paNiEdFTvuA&featu re=channelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paNiEdFTvuA&featu re=channel Which is more accurate? Why? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79ijDA_1FVY&feature=relate dTough Guise 1/7http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79ijDA_1FVY&feature=relate d Bisexuality –Strong attraction to both sexes Asexuality –No sexual attraction Roots of sexual orientation –Mounting biological evidence for genetics –Can’t discount social influences

15. Figure 8.2 Four Sexual Orientations A person’s level of same-sex attraction and opposite-sex attraction are two distinct dimensions that combine in various ways to produce four major sexual orientations. Source: Adapted from Storms (1980). Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Figure 8.3a Sexual Orientation in the United States: Survey Data (a) How Many Gay People? The percentage of people who are classified as having a homosexual orientation depends on how this concept is operationalized. Research suggests that 2.8% of adult men and 1.4% of adult women claim a homosexual identity. Source: Adapted from Laumann et al. (1994). Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Figure 8.3b Sexual Orientation in the United States (b) Attitudes toward Homosexual Relations, 1973-2006 Between 1990 and 2002, the percentage of U.S. adults who disapprove of homosexual relations went down. Between 2002 and 2004, however, it rose slightly in 2005 and declined again to under 60 percent. Source: NORC (2007)

18. Figure 8.4 Opposition to Homosexual Relationships: Attitudes of First- Year College Students, 1980-2008 Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Sexual Controversies Teen pregnancy –U.S. has highest rate compared to other high-income countries –Sex education: solution or problem? –http://www.juraatmedia.com/full-movie/juno-2007- video_f27607dca.htmlhttp://www.juraatmedia.com/full-movie/juno-2007- video_f27607dca.html Pornography –Sexually explicit material intended to cause sexual arousal –Supreme Court gives local communities the power to decide what violates “community standards.” –Pornography in the U.S. is $5 billion/year industry –Criticized for moral and political reasons

20. National Map 8.2 Teenage Pregnancy Rates across the United States Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Prostitution Social and cultural ties –Strongest in low-income countries where: patriarchy is strong. opportunities to earn a living are restricted. Types of prostitution –“Call girls” –Workers in controlled parlors –“Street walkers” A “victimless crime?” –Police stage only occasional crackdowns. –The sex trade subjects many women to kidnapping, emotional abuse, and outright violence. The selling of sexual services. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Global Map 8.2 Prostitution in Global Perspective Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Sexual Violence and Abuse Rape –A violent act that uses sex to hurt, humiliate, or control another person Date rape (or acquaintance rape) –Forcible sexual violence against women by men they know –Accounts for 2/3rds of all rape Myths about rape –Rape always involves strangers. –Women provoke their attackers. –Rape is simply sex. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Theoretical Analysis Structural-functional analysis –Need to regulate sexual behavior –Latent function Symbolic-interaction analysis –The social construction of sexuality –Sexual practices vary from culture to culture. Social-conflict analysis –Highlights dimensions of inequality –Shows how sexuality reflects patterns of social inequality and helps perpetuate them. –Queer theory–Research findings that challenge the heterosexual bias in US society. Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

25. Applying Theory Sexuality Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

26. The Abortion Controversy Roe v.Wade (1973) –Established legal access to abortion Pro-choice –Support a woman’s right to choose abortion Pro-life –Oppose abortion as morally wrong Circumstances of the pregnancy –Makes a big difference in how people see this issue The deliberate termination of a pregnancy Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

27. Controversy and Debate When Should the Law Allow a Woman to Choose Abortion? Source: NORC (2008) Sociology, 13 h Edition by John Macionis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.