1. Types of Microbes F.2.1 Powerpoint®

2. Microbes Definition – organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Disease- Causing Organism – is a micro-organism that can make an animal sick if it is eaten, inhaled, or through direct contact Pathogen – Any microorganism that causes disease Types – Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Algea, Virus, Prion

3. Bacteria Definition – Prokaryotic – Unicellular – Reproduce asexually Living Conditions – almost all environmental niches Identification – Culturing Growth Patterns – Microscopic size, shape and arrangement

4. Bacteria Morphology Gram positive vs Gram negative – Ability to retain crystal violet stain Shape: – Cocci = sphere – Bacilli = rods – Vibrio = comma shaped – Sphirochetes = tight spirals – Spirilla = Spiral Arrangments: – Diplo- = pair – Strepto- =chains – Staphlo- =clusters

7. Examples of Bacteria Brucellosis Leptospirosis: Leptospira spp. Lyme Disease: Borrelia burgdorferi Anthrax: Bacillus anthracis Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Calf scours: Clostridium perfringens or Escherichia coli Listeriosis: Listeria monocytogenes

8. Fungi Definition – eukaryotic – unicellular or multicellular Living Conditions – On or within other living organisms Categories – Yeast – Mold

9. Fungi Morphology Yeast – unicellular fungi – reproduce asexually = budding – Microscopic Identification Round to oval – Culturing Identification Colonies, similar to bacteria Mold – multi-cellular fungi – reproduce asexually – Microscopic Identification long, tubular chains = hyphae – Culturing Identification fuzzy

11. Examples of Fungi – Dermatophytes Keratin seeking fungi that invade hair, nails and skin causing lesion Example: Ringworm – Yeast Malassezia pachydermatis

12. Protozoa Definition – eukaryotic – Unicellular Morphology – shape – size – locomotors structures flagella or cilia – Cysts form – special organelles – number of nuclei.

13. Examples of Protozoa Toxoplasmosis – Toxoplasma gondi Cryptosporidiosis – Cryptosporidium parvum Giardia spp

14. Algea Definition – Classified within Protista Kingdom – unicellular or multicellur – Can contain complex tissues causing them to vary within size – Photosynthetic containing chloroplast and chlorophyll Living Conditions – found within numerous environments and ecosystems. Rarely infectious but can produce toxins Example: Prototheca

15. Virus Definition – Consisting of a single nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat Living Conditions – Unable to reproduce without the host cell – Replicates inside host cell decoding the genetic material – Takes over regular cellular synthesis resulting in loss of function and possible death of cell

16. Virus Morphology Classified based upon – size, – structure DNA or RNA Presences or lack of Protein shell – Replication process Relates to structure – Routes of Transmission Host specific

17. Examples of Viruses Rabies Canine Parvovirus Feline Leukemia Virus West Niles Virus

18. Prion Definition – proteinaceous infectious particle Only contains proteins Transmisslbe spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) – Attacks the Central nervous system – Produces spongiform vacuoles within brain resulting deterioration of brain tissue causing death

19. Examples of Prions Scrapie – Small Ruminants Bovine Sprongiform Encephalopathy – Cattle