1. Short Stories

2. Short Stories Essential Questions: What are the literary elements of a short story? How do these literary elements or components impact a short story? Does the tone/central theme vary in a short story? Write these essential questions down in your note taking section.

3. Listen to the following song and start brainstorming the plot on your plot map “Cats in the Cradle” by Harry Chapin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OqwKfgLaeA

4. Plot Map Exposition: A) Setting (Place & Time) B)Characters Conflict: A) Character vs. Character B)Character vs. Nature C)Character vs. Society (Group/Organization) D)Character vs. Self (internal struggle Rising Action Climax: Big bang of story Turning point Resolution: when all conflicts are solved 1) 2) 3) Falling Action

5. Now listen to the following song and independently complete the plot map “The Last Game of the Season” by David Geddes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkXNYM-8iSw

6. Elements of a Short Story Short Story Plot Character Setting Point of View Theme

7. Characterization Direct Characterization: tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Example:“The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.” Explanation:The author is directly telling the audience the personality of these two children. The boy is “patient” and the girl is “quiet.”

8. Characterization Indirect Characterization : shows things that reveal the personality of a character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization: STEAL S peech What does the character say? How does the character speak? T houghts What is revealed through the characters private thoughts and feelings? E ffects on others toward character How do other characters feel in reaction to the character A ctions What does the character do? How do they behave? L ooks What does the character look like?

9. Elements of a Short Story Short Story Plot Character Setting Point of View Theme Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization STEAL Exposition, Conflicts, Rising Action, Climax, Falling action, Resolution

10. Characterization Static Character: a literary character who remains basically unchanged throughout a work Dynamic Character : a character who undergoes a permanent change in outlook or character during the story Jim Parsons aka Sheldon Cooper

11. Elements of Short Story Short Story Plot Character Setting Point of View Theme Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization Dynamic Character Static Character STEAL

12. Round (Developed) Characters full, rich personalities can be unpredictable, especially in the face of conflicts are often main characters, but this does not always hold true A good rule of thumb: as we are all (hopefully) round interesting people, the more “real” a character feels to us, the more likely he/she is a round character

13. Flat (Stereotypical/Stock) Characters less real and more one-sided, or one- dimensional. can be summed up in phrases (the sad clown, the good housewife, the persistent athlete) and do not offer more than this. A good rule of thumb: if you can explain a character’s importance in a work with a few words (the fisherman’s annoying son), he/she probably is a flat character.

14. Elements of Short Story Short Story Plot Character Setting Point of View Theme Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization Dynamic Character Static Character Round Characters Flat Characters STEAL

15. Plot Map “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Exposition: A) Time: very olden time B) Setting: arena; amphitheater Conflict: A) Character vs. Nature B) Character vs. Character C) Character vs. Self D) Character vs. Society Rising Action Climax Resolution:

16. What is the tone of “The Lady, or the Tiger?” What is the theme in this short story?

17. Journal “Think of it, fair reader, not as if the decision of the question depended upon yourself, but upon that hot-blooded semibarbaric princess” What happens when the lover opens the door to the right? Write an alternate ending for “The Lady, or the Tiger?”. Make sure it follows the same plot.

18. SOAPStone S peaker– Who is the speaker? What do we know about him that would influence his writing/speech? O ccasion-- When and where is this writing/speech being produced or presented? A udience– For whom is this writing/speech intended. P urpose– Why is this writing/speech being presented? What is it suppose to do? S ubject– What is the main topic of the writing/speech? TONE– Select a word (adjective/verb) and explain why this is a good choice to describe the author’s tone.

19. Theme  The prevailing topic or issue spread throughout a literary work  Not all subjects can be considered themes, only the central subject(s)  Examples: jealousy, revenge, courage, deception, bravery

20. Irony Verbal Irony- is a statement in which the meaning that a speaker employs is sharply different from the meaning that is expressed. Example- A person steps in big puddle of water by mistake, and his/her friend smiles kindly, starts to help his friend up and remarks, "well now, don't you have all the luck!“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WY_amJ0YZrM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81c44-CDP7E

21. Irony Dramatic Irony- is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikHApcKQqd Q&playnext=1&list=PLB14AE174B1413EB2&f eature=results_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikHApcKQqd Q&playnext=1&list=PLB14AE174B1413EB2&f eature=results_video

22. Irony Situational Irony- an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does Example: If the president of Microsoft, Bill Gates, were to win a contest whose grand prize was a computer system, the irony would be situational because such a circumstance would appear ridiculous or "funny" for a number of reasons. Bill Gates doesn't need a computer, he runs the world's largest software company, and he's filthy rich, so winning a computer seems silly and "ironic". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By2au2uPqpk

23. First-Person Narrative relayed by a narrator who is also a character within the story, so that the narrator reveals the plot by referring to this viewpoint character as "I, me, my" (or, when plural, "we").

24. Second-Person Narrative the narrator refers to one of the characters as "you“; therefore, making the audience member feel as if he or she is a character within the story often paired with the first-person narrative mode in which the narrator makes emotional comparisons between the thoughts, actions, and feelings of "you" versus "I".

25. Third-Person Narrative each and every character is referred to by the narrator as "he", "she", "it", or "they” the narrator be merely an unspecified entity or uninvolved person that conveys the story, but not a character of any kind within the story being told

26. Elements of Short Story Short Story Plot Character Setting Point of View Theme Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization Dynamic Character Static Character Round Characters Flat Characters First Person Second Person Third Person STEAL

27. “The Most Dangerous Game” What is the tone of “The Most Dangerous Game”? Find an example of irony in Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game”.

28. “The Most Dangerous Game” http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=lLhos z8Zw6o

29. “The Cask of Amontillado” Part One: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDdxpxb3l-Y Part Two: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODWyEJMc r2Y&feature=relmfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODWyEJMc r2Y&feature=relmfu