1. Declaration of Independence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_N LU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_N LU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_N LU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_N LU

2. Quote Amnesia is as detrimental to a society as it is to an individual. Trying to plan for the future without a sense of the past is like trying to plant cut flowers.” Daniel Boorstin Warm Up : Describe your interpretation of this quote. Explain its meaning as it relates to the Anniversary Party article. Warm Up : Describe your interpretation of this quote. Explain its meaning as it relates to the Anniversary Party article.

3. Chapter 4-1 The Colonial Experience

4. Section Preview 1. What role did the colonists play in their government? 2. What rights and responsibilities did the colonists have? 3. What freedoms were the colonists able to gain? 4. Why were the colonists unhappy with the royal governors?

5. Colonial Self-Government Governing themselves was their heritage Governing themselves was their heritage traditions passed down from preceding generations traditions passed down from preceding generations

6. 11/11/1620 Read about the Mayflower Compact on page 69 Read about the Mayflower Compact on page 69 What was at the heart of this agreement? What was at the heart of this agreement? WHAT did this event mean for the future of our country? WHAT did this event mean for the future of our country? Establishing laws that were just & equal for the common good of the colony. It was a step toward self-government.

7. Colonial Self-Government Each colony could elect representatives Each colony could elect representatives # 1 Legislature - a group of people chosen to make laws # 1 Legislature - a group of people chosen to make laws # 2 First colonial legislature was in Virginia # 2 First colonial legislature was in Virginia House of Burgesses House of Burgesses Capital City Capital City Jamestown 1607-99 Jamestown 1607-99 Williamsburg 1699- Williamsburg 1699-

8. Front of the Capitol, looking north. The west wing housed the Council Chamber. The Council, made up of twelve leading colonists appointed for life by the king, constituted the upper house of the legislature. The east wing contained the Hall of the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses, the lower house of the legislature, consisted of two members elected by the landowners of each county, and one member each from Jamestown, Williamsburg, Norfolk, and the College of William and Mary. If the two houses deadlocked in trying to pass a bill, representatives from the Council and the burgesses met jointly in the second floor chamber located over the entrance portico.

10. The College of William and Mary's Wren Building is the oldest academic structure still in use in America. Begun August 8, 1695, two years after the school was chartered, it is the signature building of the second oldest college in the nation (next to Harvard). Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Tyler, and John Marshall studied in its rooms. George Washington was once chancellor of the college, which is now a distinguished university.

11. Colonial Self-Government Each colony was set up as charter colony Each colony was set up as charter colony Charter - document giving permission to create a government Charter - document giving permission to create a government Charter colonies could become royal colonies Charter colonies could become royal colonies if they challenged king’s authority if they challenged king’s authority Virginia’s charter revoked in 1624, became royal colony Virginia’s charter revoked in 1624, became royal colony Royal colonies under control of the king Royal colonies under control of the king Royal governor had veto power over legislatures Royal governor had veto power over legislatures Colonists resisted efforts to restrict rights or weaken their legislatures Colonists resisted efforts to restrict rights or weaken their legislatures Were mostly successful in governing independently Were mostly successful in governing independently England was distracted by wars – 1600 to mid-1700s England was distracted by wars – 1600 to mid-1700s

12. Colonial Citizenship #3 Vote limited to white, male landowners #3 Vote limited to white, male landowners Why? Why? Were the most affected by laws Were the most affected by laws Had the education and free time Had the education and free time to stay informed to stay informed Slaves were property Slaves were property Not uncommon in the world at that time Not uncommon in the world at that time Most people of the world then had no rights Most people of the world then had no rights

13. Colonial Citizenship All citizens were responsible for promoting the common good All citizens were responsible for promoting the common good Serve in the militia Serve in the militia Serve on juries Serve on juries Support religious education in North Support religious education in North Bible schools in the Northeast Bible schools in the Northeast Example: Harvard (1636), Example: Harvard (1636), Support education in South Support education in South Grammar and Indian schools Grammar and Indian schools Example: William & Mary (1693) Example: William & Mary (1693)

14. Colonial Roots of Freedom # 4 Freedom of Religion # 4 Freedom of Religion First nation to divorce religion from government First nation to divorce religion from government Did they? (See Did You Know?) Did they? (See Did You Know?)(See Did You Know?)(See Did You Know?) Pilgrims & Puritans in MA there to practice their religion Pilgrims & Puritans in MA there to practice their religion Pilgrims forced Roger Williams to RI - 1636 Pilgrims forced Roger Williams to RI - 1636

15. Colonial Roots of Freedom Their definition of freedom of religion….. Their definition of freedom of religion….. Free to belong to any Christian church besides the Anglican church Free to belong to any Christian church besides the Anglican church Presbyterian? Presbyterian? OK OK Baptist? Baptist? OK OK Buddhist? Buddhist? No! No! Muslim? Muslim? No! No! Hindu? Hindu? No! No! Not free to be non-Christian Not free to be non-Christian

17. Colonial Roots of Freedom Freedom of the Press Freedom of the Press Newspapers were critical to colonies Newspapers were critical to colonies Freedom did not exist in England Freedom did not exist in England Freedom did not exist in the colonies Freedom did not exist in the colonies # 5 Put to the test by John Peter Zenger - 1735 # 5 Put to the test by John Peter Zenger - 1735 Jailed publisher of New York Weekly Journal Jailed publisher of New York Weekly Journal Accused NY governor of accepting bribes, election fraud Accused NY governor of accepting bribes, election fraud Declared “not guilty” by jury, set free Declared “not guilty” by jury, set free Did not change the laws until later Did not change the laws until later Did encourage colonists to continue to criticize governors Did encourage colonists to continue to criticize governors

20. Signs of Discontent By mid-1700s England paying more attention to colonies By mid-1700s England paying more attention to colonies Why? Why? Needed money to pay for wars Needed money to pay for wars Put the squeeze on the colonies for taxes Put the squeeze on the colonies for taxes Revoked more charters Revoked more charters Converted them to royal colonies, installed royal governors Converted them to royal colonies, installed royal governors Colonists began to speak out against tyranny Colonists began to speak out against tyranny Tyranny – abuse of power Tyranny – abuse of power In this case, by the royal governors In this case, by the royal governors

21. Processing Activity Do problem # 12, Writing a Dialogue, Do problem # 12, Writing a Dialogue, on page 85. on page 85. Remember colonial citizens were partisan, some loyalists, some patriots. Remember colonial citizens were partisan, some loyalists, some patriots. Homework READ Ch 4.2 complete front side of study guide. Homework READ Ch 4.2 complete front side of study guide.

22. Warm Up Warm Up Put these founding documents in chronological order and briefly describe the purpose of each. Put these founding documents in chronological order and briefly describe the purpose of each. Articles of Confederation Declaration of Independence English Bill or Rights Magna Carta Mayflower Compact 1215, 1620, 1689, 1776, 1777 Est. rights, rule of law & limited government

23. Chapter 4-2 Roots of American Government

24. Section Preview 1. What is the connection between American government and the ancient governments of Greece and Rome? 2. How did the English tradition of government influence Americans? 3. What were the ideas from European writers that influenced the development of American government?

25. Who is the author?

26. Ancient Greece # 1 First direct democracy in the world # 1 First direct democracy in the world Athens, City-state in Greece Athens, City-state in Greece Laws proposed and passed directly by the people Laws proposed and passed directly by the people # 2 Examples in the U.S.? # 2 Examples in the U.S.? Town meetings Town meetings in historic New England in historic New England

27. Ancient Rome # 3 First republic in the world # 3 First republic in the world Rome Rome Representatives elected by the people to pass laws Representatives elected by the people to pass laws Called senators Called senators

28. English Heritage # 4 Magna Carta - 1215 # 4 Magna Carta - 1215 Nobles forced King John Nobles forced King John to accept concept of to accept concept of basic individual rights basic individual rights for the nobility for the nobility Right to a fair trial Right to a fair trial Right to travel freely Right to travel freely For the first time, For the first time, monarch’s power is limited monarch’s power is limited

29. English Heritage # 4 English Bill of Rights – 1689 # 4 English Bill of Rights – 1689 Listed rights for all citizens, not just nobility Listed rights for all citizens, not just nobility Everyone must obey the law Everyone must obey the law Right to trial by jury Right to trial by jury Right to petition the government Right to petition the government Passed by Parliament Passed by Parliament To limit monarchy To limit monarchy Power to tax Power to tax Full free speech Full free speech

30. # 5 Contribution of John Locke Natural Rights Natural Rights Are rights we are born with Are rights we are born with life, liberty, property life, liberty, property Purpose of government is to protect these rights Purpose of government is to protect these rights

32. Locke’s Natural Rights Theory

34. WHY DO GOVERNMENTS GET STARTED?

35. Contribution of Montesquieu (Add #6) Separation of Powers (Add #6) Separation of Powers Divide government powers Divide government powers Legislative, Legislative, Executive Executive Judicial branches Judicial branches to prevent tyranny to prevent tyranny Spirit of the Law

36. Civics Warm Up Initially the 13 colonies did not join together to protest Parliamentary actions. Part I: E pluribus unum is Latin for “out of many one.” What do you think this phrase means in the context of colonial history? What do you think this phrase means in the context of colonial history? What were two specific examples in which the colonies strived for this concept (excluding the Decl. of Independence)? What were two specific examples in which the colonies strived for this concept (excluding the Decl. of Independence)? Part II: Identify the common link in each set and identify the one that doesn’t belong in each set and explain why. Part II: Identify the common link in each set and identify the one that doesn’t belong in each set and explain why. Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 absolute authorityarbitrary John Adams civil libertiesreason Ben Franklin inalienable rightstyranny Thomas Jefferson natural lawsunjust Thomas Paine

37. Chapter 4-3 Moving Toward Nationhood

38. Section Preview 1. Describe how and why colonists organized to oppose English rule. 2. Summarize the arguments in the Declaration of Independence. 3. Describe the state and national governments Americans established after winning independence. 4. Analyze reasons why many Americans wanted a stronger national government.

39. Englishmen or Americans? Colonists torn by split loyalties Colonists torn by split loyalties Helped England Helped England defeat French in the French & Indian War - 1763 defeat French in the French & Indian War - 1763 Believed Parliament should represent them too Believed Parliament should represent them too But…. But…. Could not vote for members of Parliament Could not vote for members of Parliament Parliament didn’t understand their needs Parliament didn’t understand their needs Only permitted trade with the mother country Only permitted trade with the mother country

40. Taxation Without Representation # 1 Parliament had no right to tax colonies # 1 Parliament had no right to tax colonies Only their own legislatures did Only their own legislatures did Locke “taking peoples’ property w/o their consent. Locke “taking peoples’ property w/o their consent. Parliament gave more power to royal governors Parliament gave more power to royal governors Dictated policy to colonies Dictated policy to colonies Imprisoned more tax evaders Imprisoned more tax evaders Ignored petitions to change tax policy Ignored petitions to change tax policy

41. Remember?

42. How to Unite Against the British # 2 Organized the Committees of Correspondence # 2 Organized the Committees of Correspondence Pass news Pass news Organize resistance Organize resistance Urge united action Urge united action # 3 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense # 3 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

43. How to Unite Against the British Needed a united response against England Needed a united response against England Called for a congress Called for a congress A formal meeting A formal meeting 1 st Continental Congress 1 st Continental Congress Met -1774 Met -1774 Purpose? Purpose? Recognition by Parliament of their grievances Recognition by Parliament of their grievances Threatened to cut off all trade with England Threatened to cut off all trade with England

44. How to Unite Against the British 2 nd Continental Congress 2 nd Continental Congress met in 1775 met in 1775 George W. already George W. already fighting the British army fighting the British army Some feared independence Some feared independence Decided to declare independence Decided to declare independence I FOUND A NOTE I FOUND A NOTE # 4 Wrote the Declaration of Independence # 4 Wrote the Declaration of Independence To convince reluctant colonists & explain to the world why To convince reluctant colonists & explain to the world why Adopted in 1776 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_NLU Adopted in 1776 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_NLU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYyttEu_NLU

45. We’re free…now what? Colonies wrote their own constitutions Colonies wrote their own constitutions Constitution is a written plan of government Constitution is a written plan of government Taken from earlier compacts Taken from earlier compacts A written agreement to make/obey laws for the group’s welfare A written agreement to make/obey laws for the group’s welfare Listed citizen rights Listed citizen rights Limits on governor’s term of office Limits on governor’s term of office Set up three branches of government Set up three branches of government Legislature had the most power Legislature had the most power

46. We’re free…now what? Saw the need for a national government Saw the need for a national government Two challenges Two challenges 1) Representation in national government 1) Representation in national government Larger states wanted representation based on state population Larger states wanted representation based on state population VA, MA VA, MA Smaller states wanted equal representation Smaller states wanted equal representation RI RI 2) How to balance state & national government powers 2) How to balance state & national government powers Feared strong central government Feared strong central government

47. A First National Government # 5 Plan of confederation proposed - 1777 # 5 Plan of confederation proposed - 1777 Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation National legislature, Congress National legislature, Congress Each colony represented equally (1 vote) Each colony represented equally (1 vote) No president – no executive branch No president – no executive branch No court system – no judicial Branch No court system – no judicial Branch Ratified in 1781 Ratified in 1781 Took four years to ratify – approval of a constitution Took four years to ratify – approval of a constitution

48. Articles of Confederation Congress could … Congress could … Declare war Declare war Make treaties with foreign governments Make treaties with foreign governments Work out trade agreements between states Work out trade agreements between states Congress could NOT … Congress could NOT … Raise money by taxes Raise money by taxes Enforce the laws (no police force, troops) Enforce the laws (no police force, troops)

49. Articles of Confederation

51. Weaknesses Weaknesses Congress couldn’t enforce its own laws Congress couldn’t enforce its own laws Couldn’t regulate trade Couldn’t regulate trade Blockaded by Britain from W. Indies Blockaded by Britain from W. Indies Congress couldn’t raise money through taxes Congress couldn’t raise money through taxes Economy was weak Economy was weak No confidence in American money No confidence in American money National government couldn’t raise money through taxes National government couldn’t raise money through taxes

52. # 6 Shay’s Rebellion - 1786 States raised taxes to pay debts States raised taxes to pay debts In MA, taxed farmland In MA, taxed farmland Led to Shay’s Rebellion Led to Shay’s Rebellion Farmers rebelled Farmers rebelled Taxes too high Taxes too high National government had no troops to put down the rebellion National government had no troops to put down the rebellion Most now saw the need for a stronger central government Most now saw the need for a stronger central government

54. Chapter 4-1 Open Book (your own) 1. Define heritage. 2. Define legislature. 3. Define charter. 4. Define tyranny. 5. Explain two ways we’re like colonists in terms of our rights and two ways we are different.

55. 1. Define heritage. Traditions passed down from preceding generations. 2. Define legislature. A group of people chosen to make laws. 3. Define charter. Document giving permission to create a government. 4. Define tyranny. Abuse of power. 5. Explain two ways we’re like colonists in terms of our rights and two ways we are different.

56. Two ways we’re alike Two ways we’re alike Responsible to work for the common good Right of self-government (office of citizen) Two ways we’re different Right to vote Freedom of religion

57. Review Heritage Heritage Traditions passed down from generation to generation Traditions passed down from generation to generation Legislature Legislature Group of people chosen to make laws Group of people chosen to make laws Charter Charter A document giving permission to form a government A document giving permission to form a government Tyranny Tyranny Abuse of power Abuse of power

58. Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) 1. Define direct democracy. 2. Define republic. 3. Define natural rights. 4. Define separation of powers. 5. What idea of John Locke was important to the colonists? 6. What idea of Montesquieu was important to the colonists?

59. Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) 1. Define direct democracy. Laws are made directly by the citizens. 2. Define republic. Citizens elect representatives to make laws. 3. Define natural rights. Rights we are born with that the government cannot take away. 4. Define separation of powers. Dividing power among branches of government.

60. Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) Chapter 4-2 Open Book (your own) 5. What idea of John Locke was important to the colonists? Government exists for the people and its purpose is to protect natural rights. 6. What idea of Montesquieu was important to the colonists? Separate powers to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.