1. Guided Reading, pages 604-609 1. How did the Sacco-Vanzetti case show nativism in the 1920s? 1. How did the Sacco-Vanzetti case show nativism in the 1920s? 2. How was the new KKK different from the old KKK? 2. How was the new KKK different from the old KKK? 3. What did the Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act do to immigration? 3. What did the Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act do to immigration? 4. How did cars change the lives of young people? 4. How did cars change the lives of young people? 5. Describe the “flapper”. 5. Describe the “flapper”. 6. What was Fundamentalism? 6. What was Fundamentalism? 7. How did Fundamentalism relate to the “new morality”? 7. How did Fundamentalism relate to the “new morality”? 8. How is evolution different from creationism? 8. How is evolution different from creationism? 9. What happened in the Scopes Trial? 9. What happened in the Scopes Trial? 10. What did the Volstead Act do? 10. What did the Volstead Act do? 11. What were speakeasies? 11. What were speakeasies? 12 What is bootlegging? 12 What is bootlegging? 13. What ended Prohibition? 13. What ended Prohibition?

2. Social Issues of the 1920s Goal 9

3. Essential Ideas The “Roaring Twenties” was a time of competing cultural movements. The “Roaring Twenties” was a time of competing cultural movements.

4. The Roaring Twenties Time Period: The “Roaring Twenties” Time Period: The “Roaring Twenties” Why this name? Why this name? This time period was full of economic growth and prosperity, like a party This time period was full of economic growth and prosperity, like a party Was everything really good? Was everything really good? No, not for everyone No, not for everyone

5. Immigration Problem #1 Problem #1 Nativism Nativism Why? Why? There was a surge of immigration after World War I ended There was a surge of immigration after World War I ended

6. The Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Example #1: Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Example #1: Sacco-Vanzetti Trial What happened: two men, Sacco and Vanzetti, were accused of robbing and murdering two people What happened: two men, Sacco and Vanzetti, were accused of robbing and murdering two people

7. Consequences of Nativism What turns public opinion against them? What turns public opinion against them? The public learned that they were Italian immigrants who were anarchists (did not believe in government) The public learned that they were Italian immigrants who were anarchists (did not believe in government) Their fate: Their fate: They were convicted and executed They were convicted and executed Would this have happened if they were American and pro-government? Would this have happened if they were American and pro-government? Probably not Probably not

8. Return of the Klan Example #2: Example #2: Return of the Ku Klux Klan Return of the Ku Klux Klan The “Old KKK” The “Old KKK” Formed during Reconstruction (after Civil War) Formed during Reconstruction (after Civil War) They formed to oppose the reconstruction of the South They formed to oppose the reconstruction of the South They targeted blacks and Republicans They targeted blacks and Republicans

9. New Klansmen The “New” KKK: The “New” KKK: They were founded after World War I They were founded after World War I They formed to oppose waves of new immigrants They formed to oppose waves of new immigrants They targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and anyone deemed “un- American” They targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and anyone deemed “un- American” The KKK in 1924: The KKK in 1924: Had grown to 4 million members and had spread out of the South Had grown to 4 million members and had spread out of the South

10. Problem #2: The Clash of Modernism and Fundamentalism The movement: Modernism The movement: Modernism Women: women won suffrage with the passage of the 19 th Amendment Women: women won suffrage with the passage of the 19 th Amendment

11. New Opportunities for Women Women began to challenge traditional roles, go to college, and work in medicine and law Women began to challenge traditional roles, go to college, and work in medicine and law

12. Flappers The Flapper – represented the “new woman”: smoked, drank, and wore revealing clothing The Flapper – represented the “new woman”: smoked, drank, and wore revealing clothing Flappers

13. Cars Cars made young people more independent Cars made young people more independent Young people used cars to escape parental supervision and seek entertainment outside the home Young people used cars to escape parental supervision and seek entertainment outside the home Moral behavior became more relaxed Moral behavior became more relaxed

14. Reaction to Modernism: Fundamentalism The movement: The movement: Fundamentalism Fundamentalism Beliefs: Beliefs: Challenged the “new morality” of modernism Challenged the “new morality” of modernism Favored traditional values and believed in interpreting the Bible literally Favored traditional values and believed in interpreting the Bible literally Opposed Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory, which said that humans evolved from lower life forms Opposed Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory, which said that humans evolved from lower life forms

15. Fundamentalist Leaders Billy Sunday Billy Sunday Made emotional sermons that drew huge crowds Made emotional sermons that drew huge crowds Aimee McPherson Aimee McPherson Used costumes and theater to preach Used costumes and theater to preach

16. Evolution vs. Creationism The Conflict: The Conflict: Modernism vs. Fundamentalism Modernism vs. Fundamentalism The Event: The Scopes- Monkey Trial The Event: The Scopes- Monkey Trial What causes the trial: What causes the trial: A biology teacher, John T. Scopes, breaks a Tennessee law by teaching evolution A biology teacher, John T. Scopes, breaks a Tennessee law by teaching evolution

17. The Scopes Trial The Defense: Clarence Darrow The Defense: Clarence Darrow The Prosecution: William J. Bryan The Prosecution: William J. Bryan

18. The Scopes Trial What happens: What happens: Darrow has Bryan witness as a Bible expert Darrow has Bryan witness as a Bible expert During cross- examination, Darrow makes Bryan look so silly that the court laughed During cross- examination, Darrow makes Bryan look so silly that the court laughed The Verdict: The Verdict: Guilty Guilty The “real” winner: The “real” winner: Modernism Modernism Why? Why? Fundamentalist beliefs were publically ridiculed during the trial Fundamentalist beliefs were publically ridiculed during the trial The Scopes Monkey Trial

19. Prohibition The Event: Prohibition The Event: Prohibition What was it? A total legal ban on alcohol What was it? A total legal ban on alcohol Why? Many fundamentalists believed alcohol was the root of society’s problems Why? Many fundamentalists believed alcohol was the root of society’s problems

20. 18 th Amendment and Volstead Act The Amendment: The Amendment: 18 th Amendment 18 th Amendment Volstead Act: Volstead Act: Gave the government power to enforce Prohibition (expanded federal power) Gave the government power to enforce Prohibition (expanded federal power)

21. Getting Around Prohibition 1. Speakeasies 1. Speakeasies Secret bars, New York City alone had 32,000 Secret bars, New York City alone had 32,000

22. Getting Around Prohibition 2. Bootlegging 2. Bootlegging Illegal manufacture and distribution of alcohol Illegal manufacture and distribution of alcohol

23. What was the overall trend of arrests under the Volstead Act? What was the overall trend of arrests under the Volstead Act? During which years did arrest go DOWN? During which years did arrest go DOWN? What year had the most arrests? What year had the most arrests? Judging from the statistics, was the Volstead Act a good law? Judging from the statistics, was the Volstead Act a good law?

24. Organized Crime Organized Crime: Organized Crime: Gangs began to grow in cities by selling illegal alcohol Gangs began to grow in cities by selling illegal alcohol

25. Organized Crime Al Capone – a Chicago mobster who bribed police and judges (ruled the city?) Al Capone – a Chicago mobster who bribed police and judges (ruled the city?)

26. Ending Prohibition End result for Prohibition: End result for Prohibition: Prohibition failed, and the 21 st Amendment repealed it Prohibition failed, and the 21 st Amendment repealed it This was another victory for Modernism This was another victory for Modernism Prohibition

27. African American Life The Great Migration: the movement of blacks from the South to Northern factories during World War I The Great Migration: the movement of blacks from the South to Northern factories during World War I Result #1: racism and discrimination of whites against blacks Result #1: racism and discrimination of whites against blacks

28. Harlem Renaissance Result #2: Harlem Renaissance – an explosion of art, racial pride, and political organization (based in Harlem, New York City) Result #2: Harlem Renaissance – an explosion of art, racial pride, and political organization (based in Harlem, New York City) Harlem Renaissance

29. Cultural Leaders Who: Zora Hurston Who: Zora Hurston Why famous: she was a writer who was a leading voice for black women in America Why famous: she was a writer who was a leading voice for black women in America Who: Langston Hughes Who: Langston Hughes Why famous: he was a poet whose writings reflected the lives of black Americans Why famous: he was a poet whose writings reflected the lives of black Americans

30. Dream Differed What happens to a dream deferred? What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode? What does this poem mean? What does this poem mean?

31. The NAACP and the UNIA Organization: NAACP Organization: NAACP Purpose: Improve the lives of black Americans Purpose: Improve the lives of black Americans Organization: Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Organization: Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Leader: Marcus Garvey Leader: Marcus Garvey

32. Marcus Garvey Beliefs: Beliefs: 1. Black Nationalism – black pride, the idea that “black is beautiful” 1. Black Nationalism – black pride, the idea that “black is beautiful” 2. Back to Africa Movement – blacks should return to Africa for a better life (no chance in America for good treatment) 2. Back to Africa Movement – blacks should return to Africa for a better life (no chance in America for good treatment)