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4. Chapter Introduction Section 1Living in East Asia Section 2People and Their Environment Chapter Summary & Study Guide Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

5. Intro 1

6. Intro 2 Describe the governments and economies of the East Asian countries.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Explain the environmental challenges and recurring natural disasters East Asians face and the steps they are taking to meet those challenges.

7. Intro 3 As you read this chapter, use your journal to summarize and reflect on the ways East Asians are working to meet economic and environmental challenges in the region today. Be sure to note specific examples.

8. End of Intro

9. Section 1-1 Living in East Asia Discuss the types of governments and economies that East Asian countries have.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Identify the economic activities that play an important role in East Asia.  Describe how other countries in the region are challenging Japan’s economic dominance.  Explain how the countries of East Asia are economically interdependent.

10. Section 1-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know dissident  economic sanctions  World Trade Organization (WTO)  merchant marine command system  Living in East Asia commune  cooperative  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC)  trade surplus  trade deficit 

11. Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Wuhan  Places to Locate Living in East Asia Tianjin  Guangzhou

12. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

13. Section 1-5 In spite of its small land area and few natural resources, Japan is the world’s second-largest producer of cars and trucks. In 1998, Japan produced nearly 8 million passenger cars and over 2 million trucks. Japanese-made cars are widely sold in the United States.

14. Section 1-6 Political and Economic Systems Since the end of World War II, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have developed market economies and democratic governments.  (pages 685–686) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. All three countries have populations with generally high standards of living.  Communist-ruled China and democratic Mongolia have been moving toward economies that have both command and market features.

15. Section 1-7 North Korea, with one of the world’s few remaining command economies, is less economically developed. (pages 685–686) Political and Economic Systems (cont.)

16. Section 1-8 What relationship is there between market economies and democratic governments? Democratic governments encourage individual initiative, which also is essential to free enterprise. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Political and Economic Systems (pages 685–686) (cont.)

17. Section 1-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Agriculture In the past 50 years, most East Asian countries have shifted from rural-based agricultural economies to urban-based industrial economies.  (pages 686–687) China More than 55 percent of China’s workers farm the land.  China’s chief crops are rice, wheat, and tea.

18. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. During the 1950s, the communist government organized farmers into large communes and mandated the farming methods to be used.  Agriculture (cont.) The result was widespread famine.  The government now encourages smaller farms, jointly run by households but with private garden plots.  Farmers can sell and profit from any surplus crops or animals. (pages 686–687)

19. Section 1-11 Many rural workers, however, are moving to cities to take better paying jobs in industry and commerce. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

20. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Mongolia Mongolia’s economy depends on the raising of livestock.  The country’s chief products are wool and milk, usually produced on large government-owned farms.  Both herders and farmers are moving toward a market economy. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

21. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South and North Korea Only about 14 percent of South Koreans work on small farms.  Modern farming methods have helped make up for this shortage of farmers.  About 40 percent of North Koreans are farmers.  Farms in North Korea are organized into cooperatives worked by households and controlled by the government. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

22. Section 1-14 The country, however, cannot meet its own food needs and has accepted food aid from foreign sources. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

23. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Japan and Taiwan In Japan, modern farming methods and efficient use of limited space have produced high crop yields.  The Japanese government subsidizes farmers’ incomes, which helps keep farmers in agriculture.  Taiwan grows rice, sugarcane, tea, bananas, and pineapples on its limited farmland. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

24. Section 1-16 What might North Korea do about its agricultural problems? Possible answers: North Korea might reduce government controls over farmers, allowing them to grow crops on their own land and sell for profit in a free market. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Agriculture (cont.) (pages 686–687)

25. Section 1-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Industry Since the 1960s, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have become important industrial and trading countries.  (pages 687–689) China is becoming more industrialized.  North Korea and Mongolia lag behind the other East Asian countries.

26. Section 1-18 Japan With the United States’ help after World War II, Japan rebuilt its economy.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Industry (cont.) A highly skilled workforce and up-to- date technology have made Japan a leading producer and exporter of motor vehicles, computers, electronics, and other consumer goods. (pages 687–689)

27. Section 1-19 South and North Korea Like Japan, South Korea has developed a prosperous market economy based on exports.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. North Korea, however, has a command economy based on heavy industries that produce machinery, chemicals, and military equipment. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

28. Section 1-20 Since the Soviet collapse in 1991, the North Koreans have slowly moved toward establishing contacts with market- economy countries, especially South Korea. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

29. Section 1-21 Taiwan Until the 1960s, Taiwan used profits from agricultural exports to build its manufacturing industries.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Today, technology-based products and services are replacing textiles and plastics as Taiwan’s major exports. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

30. Section 1-22 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

31. Section 1-23 China China’s communist government controls its manufacturing industries.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Since the 1970s, however, Chinese officials have sought foreign investment and permitted private ownership of small businesses.  Market reforms have helped China’s economy grow by 8 percent a year. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

32. Section 1-24 Hong Kong and Macau The Chinese territories of Hong Kong and Macau are major trading centers.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The British gave up control of Hong Kong to the Chinese in 1997, and Macau, formerly a Portuguese colony, became a part of China in 1999.  The market economies of both territories bring great profits to China. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

33. Section 1-25 Will China allow Hong Kong and Macau to maintain their free-market systems indefinitely? Why or why not? Possible answers: Yes, China itself is tending toward a market economy and needs the money. No, China’s leaders will not continue to allow Hong Kong and Macau to have more freedom and opportunity than the rest of China. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Industry (cont.) (pages 687–689)

34. Section 1-26 Trade East Asian countries have become more interdependent with one another and the rest of the world. Yet deeply rooted political differences still affect trade and international relations. (pages 689–690)

35. Section 1-27 Japan: Trade Surpluses Japan must import raw materials from which it makes its export products.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Trade (cont.) The country enjoys an enormous trade surplus because of the tariffs it places on imported goods.  Japan’s trading partners resent these tariffs and have tried to persuade Japan to lower them to restore a balance of trade. (pages 689–690)

36. Section 1-28 China: Trade and Human Rights China actively seeks international trade partners, but many countries disapprove of its treatment of Chinese citizens who speak out against government policies.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. As a result, these countries restrict trade with China.  In 2000 the United States granted China full trading privileges, hoping that trade would influence China to respect human rights. Trade (cont.) (pages 689–690)

37. Section 1-29 Are some countries right in refusing to trade with China? Possible answers: Yes, China’s human rights abuses justify restricting trade. No, China will not change its policies unless it has trade and other contacts with the rest of the global community. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Trade (cont.) (pages 689–690)

38. Section 1-30 Transportation and Communications Although every East Asian country has modern air services, overland travel in the region involves long journeys by railroad or highway. Rural transportation and communication networks lag behind those in urban areas. (pages 690–691)

39. Section 1-31 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Land Travel Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have nationwide highway and rail networks.  Transportation and Communications (cont.) By contrast, most of Mongolia’s roads are unpaved, and lack of inland land transport has hindered the development of western China.  The Chinese government, however, has developed railroads for long-distance travel. (pages 690–691)

40. Transportation and Communications (cont.) Section 1-32 Bicycles are a popular form of transportation throughout China. (pages 690–691)

41. Transportation and Communications (cont.) Section 1-33 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Water Travel China’s rivers are important routes from the interior to seaports such as Shanghai.  Japan and China both have large merchant marine fleets.  Commercial shipping is important to East Asia’s export trade. (pages 690–691)

42. Section 1-34 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 690–691)

43. Transportation and Communications (cont.) Section 1-35 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Communications Japanese, Taiwanese, and South Korean citizens enjoy easy access to the Internet and good telephone systems.  Most people own televisions and radios and read print materials of all kinds.  In China and North Korea, the government controls the media and limits citizens’ access to information on the Internet. (pages 690–691)

44. Section 1-36 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why would China limit citizens’ access to the Internet? Possible answer: The government does not want people reading anything that criticizes its policies. The Internet is a rich source for foreign news and for international opinions of all kinds. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 690–691)

45. Section 1-37 Checking for Understanding __ 1.a citizen who speaks out against government policies __ 2.when a country imports more goods from other countries than it exports to them __ 3.a collective farming community whose members share work and products __ 4.market system controlled by government A.command system B.commune C.cooperative D.Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC) E.trade surplus F.trade deficit G.dissident H.economic sanctions I.World Trade Organization (WTO) J.merchant marine Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. F B A G Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

46. Section 1-38 Checking for Understanding __ 5.a trade group, whose members are Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan, that ensures that trade among the member countries is efficient and fair __ 6.a voluntary organization whose members work together and share expenses and profits __ 7.international body that oversees trade agreements and settles trade disputes among countries __ 8.a country’s fleet of ships that engage in commerce or trade C I J Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. D A.command system B.commune C.cooperative D.Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC) E.trade surplus F.trade deficit G.dissident H.economic sanctions I.World Trade Organization (WTO) J.merchant marine

47. Section 1-39 Checking for Understanding __9.earning more money from export sales than spending for imports __10. trade restrictions Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. E H A.command system B.commune C.cooperative D.Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC) E.trade surplus F.trade deficit G.dissident H.economic sanctions I.World Trade Organization (WTO) J.merchant marine

48. Section 1-40 Critical Thinking Identifying Cause and Effect How did the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s affect the economies of China, Japan, and South Korea? Countries were affected differently depending on their level of economic development. Japan and South Korea suffered more severely than China. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

49. Section 1-41 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Problem Solving How might various East Asian countries provide food for their populations, despite their limited farmlands? Possible answers: Countries might increase sea farming, increase the use of high-tech machinery and efficient farming methods, adopt Japanese farming methods, or pay farmers to produce crops rather than move to cities.

50. Section 1-42 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Drawing Conclusions What conclusions can you draw about the economic differences between North and South Korea? Explain your answer. Possible answer: Communist isolation in North Korea causes depressed economies, while free enterprise in South Korea results in more prosperity.

51. Section 1-43 Analyzing Graphs Place Study the graph on the right. How does the U.S. balance of trade compare to that of Japan? China? China and Japan have a positive trade balance, while the U.S. has an increasingly negative trade balance. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

52. Section 1-44 Applying Geography Economic Reform Write a paragraph that compares China’s economy before and after the economic reforms of the 1980s. Explain how the reforms have affected the lives of China’s people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: Under communism, farms failed to produce. Under market conditions, China’s economy is growing.

53. Section 1-45 Close Bring to class some examples of products made in East Asia, such as electronic goods, decorative chopsticks, or art, ceramics, or porcelain china. Display these items, and invite your classmates to share their impressions.

54. End of Section 1

55. Section 2-1 People and Their Environment Explain how East Asia’s industrialization and urbanization have affected the environment.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Identify the steps that East Asians are taking to solve environmental problems.  Examine the naturally occurring destructive forces that East Asia regularly faces.

56. Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know desertification  People and Their Environment chlorofluorocarbons  aquaculture

57. Section 2-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Three Gorges Dam  Places to Locate Inland Sea  Kobe People and Their Environment

58. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

59. Section 2-5 During the 1990s alone, more than 12,000 people were killed in earthquakes in East Asia. Nearly half of these deaths occurred in 1995 in Kobe, Japan, where an earthquake measuring 6.7 on the Richter scale struck. An increase of one whole number on the Richter scale means a tenfold increase of the earthquake’s force; thus, a 6.7 earthquake is 10 times stronger and more damaging than a 5.7 earthquake.

60. Section 2-6 The Power Dilemma Rising standards of living and growing economies have resulted in greatly increased demands for electric power in East Asia. (pages 692–693)

61. Section 2-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Power Dilemma (cont.) Fossil Fuels  (pages 692–693) -Most of East Asia’s power comes from the burning of fossil fuels.  -China, North Korea, and Mongolia are able to rely on their coal reserves for power, but Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have few coal or oil deposits and must import fossil fuels.  -Aware of the damage that fossil fuels inflict on the environment, East Asians have begun to search for cleaner sources of power.  -China’s Three Gorges Dam project on the Yangtze River aims to supply a huge amount of hydroelectric power to China’s interior.

62. Section 2-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Power Dilemma (cont.) Nuclear Energy Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan rely on nuclear energy for 30 to 40 percent of their electrical power.  Accidents at nuclear power plants have caused Japan to look for safer sources of power.  Since 1999 the country has opened several plants that generate wind and solar energy. (pages 692–693)

63. Section 2-9 Why was Japan the first country in the region to build solar and wind generators? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Japan is a technologically advanced country, with the scientists and engineers who can plan and carry out such a project. Japan is also small and compact enough that a nuclear accident would affect a high percentage of the population. Earthquakes could severely damage nuclear power plants. These are strong incentives to find a safe alternative to nuclear energy. The Power Dilemma (cont.) (pages 692–693)

64. Section 2-10 Environmental Concerns East Asians largely ignored environmental problems during the region’s period of industrial and economic growth. Only now are the countries of East Asia beginning to deal with these challenges. (pages 693–695)

65. Section 2-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. China  Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695) -Nine of the 10 most-polluted cities in the world are located in China.  -One major cause is China’s heavy reliance on coal, which causes smog (a combination of smoke and fog) and acid rain.  -In northern industrial areas, windblown dust adds to the air pollution, causing lung disease among many people living there.  -Neighboring countries, such as Japan, also are affected by China’s acid rain.

66. Section 2-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695) -Eighty percent of China’s cities have no sewage treatment facilities.  -Sewage, as well as industrial waste from factories, poses health risks to urban populations.  -Regarding another issue–deforestation– China has tried to remedy the clear-cutting of forests by planting more trees.

67. Section 2-13 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695)

68. Section 2-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan South Korea relies on nuclear energy and is faced with the problem of radioactive waste.  North Korea’s industrial pollution has resulted in unsafe drinking water.  Taiwan also suffers from water and air pollution. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695)

69. Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Mongolia Mongolia faces problems of deforestation, overgrazing, and pollution from burning fossil fuels.  Japan Leads the Cleanup Japan ignored the effects of its industrial growth on the environment for a long time.  Since the 1970s, however, Japan has developed some of the world’s strictest environmental laws. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695)

70. Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Japan has developed a program to help stop global warming and has offered financial help and “clean technology” to other East Asian countries.  In 1990 Japan mandated the use of less-polluting vehicles and overall waste reduction.  Unfortunately, Japan’s carbon dioxide emissions actually rose during the 1990s. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695)

71. Section 2-17 How might East Asia’s religions and philosophies be used to increase regional awareness about environmental issues? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Many of East Asia’s religions and philosophies emphasis human closeness to and respect for nature. Environmental Concerns (cont.) (pages 693–695)

72. Section 2-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Managing Ocean Resources Commercial fishing is a major industry in China, Japan, and South Korea.  (pages 695–696) Overfishing, however, has become a serious problem, and Japan now imports large quantities of seafood.  Several countries have developed large factory ships to fish far out in international waters.  Because of overfishing, international pressure has increased to curb this practice.

73. Section 2-19 Whales are a delicacy in Japan.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Managing Ocean Resources (cont.) Despite a 1986 international treaty limiting whaling, Japanese fleets continue to hunt whales, including endangered species. (pages 695–696)

74. Section 2-20 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Managing Ocean Resources (cont.) (pages 695–696)

75. Section 2-21 How would you try to persuade the Japanese to respect the ban on whaling? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: Remind them that sooner or later all the whales will be gone if they continue to kill them. Explain that the ban will be temporary; once the whale population recovers, limited whaling will be allowed and even encouraged. Managing Ocean Resources (cont.) (pages 695–696)

76. Section 2-22 Natural Disasters Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Flooding is a serious problem along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.  (pages 696–697) China is working on more flood-control projects, including the controversial Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River.  Most of East Asia is prone to earthquakes.  About 1,500 small earthquakes shake Japan each year.

77. Section 2-23 Japan has more than 80 active volcanoes.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Natural Disasters (cont.) Underwater volcanoes can cause tsunamis.  Periodic typhoons damage areas near the coasts. (pages 696–697)

78. Section 2-24 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Natural Disasters (cont.) (pages 696–697)

79. Section 2-25 What might East Asian countries do to help their people deal with floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: The ability to accurately predict natural disasters could give communities time to prepare. As meteorology becomes more sophisticated, it may be easier for scientists to predict dangerous weather. Natural Disasters (cont.) (pages 696–697)

80. Section 2-26 Checking for Understanding __ 1.the cultivation of seafood __ 2.process in which arable land is turned into desert __ 3.chemical substance, found mainly in liquid coolants, that damages the earth’s protective ozone layer A.desertification B.chlorofluoro- carbons C.aquaculture Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A B C Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

81. Section 2-27 Critical Thinking Identifying Cause and Effect What are some possible positive and negative aspects of using nuclear power in East Asia? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A positive aspect of using nuclear power is that there would be abundant power. Negative aspects include hazardous nuclear waste, disposal problems, and the possibility of radioactive leaks in areas prone to earthquakes.

82. Section 2-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Classifying Information What are the leading sources of power in each East Asian country? Which of the countries use nuclear power? China, North Korea, and Mongolia use coal. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan use imported fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum) and nuclear power.

83. Section 2-29 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Drawing Conclusions How are environmental challenges in other developing countries similar to those in East Asia? Critical Thinking Possible answer: There is a need for power in developing countries, and industrialization results in overlooking the harm some forms of cheap power can cause.

84. Section 2-30 Analyzing Maps Location Study the map below. When did the most recent earthquake in China occur? Where did it occur? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

85. Section 2-31 Analyzing Maps The most recent earthquake occurred on September 21, 1999 in Taichung, Taiwan.

86. Section 2-32 Applying Geography Environmental Solutions Choose one of East Asia’s environmental challenges, such as pollution, deforestation, or desertification. Write a paragraph outlining possible solutions.

87. Section 2-33 Close Take turns naming items from the section and have your classmates identify the country associated with each. Examples include: bullet train (Japan), Three Gorges Dam (China).

88. End of Section 2

89. Chapter Summary 1 East Asian economies include market and command systems, as well as a mix of both.  Key Points Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. East Asia was once mainly agricultural, but trade and industry have brought prosperity and economic growth to most of its countries.  Most Chinese work in agriculture, although industry and commerce are thriving in certain areas as a result of government-sponsored economic reforms.  Japan is East Asia’s leading industrial country, followed by Taiwan and South Korea. Section 1: Living in East Asia (pages 685–691)

90. Chapter Summary 2 Trade and business investments bring together capitalist and communist countries in East Asia. Key Points Section 1: Living in East Asia (pages 685–691)

91. Chapter Summary 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment (pages 692–697) Rapid industrial growth in East Asia has caused environmental challenges that were ignored for decades.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points Japan, with its strict anti-pollution laws, has become a leader in protecting and cleaning up the environment.  China’s economic development and the needs of its large population have a decisive impact on the environment.

92. Chapter Summary 4 Section 2: People and Their Environment (pages 692–697) East Asia is subject to natural disasters such as flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points Human activities in East Asia–such as clearcutting forests, farming, and mining–have caused environmental disasters such as erosion, desertification, and flooding.

93. End of Chapter Summary

94. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms chlorofluorocarbonscommune cooperative desertificationdissident trade deficit economic sanctionstrade surplus Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. 1.___________________ earning more money on imports than earning from exports 2.___________________ a collective farming community whose members share work and products 3.___________________ a citizen who speaks out against government policies trade deficit commune dissident

95. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. 4.___________________ trade restrictions 5.___________________ earning more money from export sales than spending for imports 6.___________________ chemical substance, found mainly in liquid coolants, that damages the earth’s protective ozone layer economic sanctions trade surplus chlorofluorocarbons chlorofluorocarbonscommune cooperative desertificationdissident trade deficit economic sanctionstrade surplus

96. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. 7.___________________ a voluntary organization whose members work together and share expenses and profits cooperative chlorofluorocarbonscommune cooperative desertificationdissident trade deficit economic sanctionstrade surplus

97. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain how economies operate in each of the following East Asian countries: Japan, China, Taiwan, and North Korea. Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in East Asia Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan are market economies. North Korea is a command economy. China and Mongolia each have a combination of market and command economies.

98. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What economic reforms have Chinese leaders introduced? Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in East Asia They allow some private businesses and foreign businesses; investments are encouraged, and government-free economic zones have been created.

99. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What contributes to Japan’s trade surplus with other countries? Reviewing Facts High import taxes on finished goods and high global demand for Japanese goods contribute to Japan’s trade surplus with other countries. Section 1: Living in East Asia

100. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Which East Asian countries are members of APEC? Reviewing Facts China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are members of APEC. Section 1: Living in East Asia

101. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How have the United States and other countries tried to influence China’s stance on human rights? Reviewing Facts Other countries have imposed economic sanctions and have increased trade relationships to influence China’s stance on human rights. Section 1: Living in East Asia

102. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe six serious environmental challenges facing East Asia. Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Deforestation, acid rain, air pollution, sewage treatment, flooding, and desertification are environmental challenges facing East Asia.

103. Chapter Assessment 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Japan is looking for alternative electric power sources. What event helped cause Japanese interest in these alternatives? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment A nuclear power accident in 1999 that caused a significant radiation leak caused Japanese interest in these alternatives.

104. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Which three East Asian countries rely on nuclear power to meet at least 30 percent of their electricity needs? Reviewing Facts Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan rely on nuclear power to meet at least 30 percent of their electricity needs. Section 2: People and Their Environment

105. Chapter Assessment 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How does China’s heavy reliance on coal contribute to air pollution in the region? Reviewing Facts It is a major source of acid rain. Section 2: People and Their Environment

106. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How have commercial fishing companies and factory ships intensified overfishing in the region? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Their huge catches deplete fish resources.

107. Chapter Assessment 14 Critical Thinking Predicting Consequences Study the map on page 639 of your textbook. What impact might a railroad between Tibet and the rest of China have on Tibet’s economy?

108. Chapter Assessment 15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting Examine Japan’s environmental record since 1990. In what ways has this record improved? What areas still need improvement? Possible answer: Improvements may include laws, clean technologies, and assistance to other countries. Areas needing improvement may include whaling, overfishing, and increased carbon dioxide emissions.

109. Chapter Assessment 16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the places and physical features of East Asia. __1.Mongolia __2.Yangtze River __3.Macau __4.Inland Sea __5.Kobe __6.Wuhan __7.Tianjin __8.Taiwan __9.South Korea __10.Yellow River B F D G C A E I H J

110. Chapter Assessment 17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Fast-paced, well-informed, and environmental leadership are terms associated with the Japanese lifestyle. Give at least one example of each characteristic. Fast-paced: bullet trains, subways, traffic congestion. Well-informed: large print industry of books, magazines, and newspapers. Environmental leadership: pollution control laws, developing alternative energy sources.

111. End of Chapter Assessment

112. Geography Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://geography.glencoe.com

113. STP 1 Read the excerpt below about Chinese writer Gao Xingjian, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 2000. Then choose the best answer for the following multiple- choice question. If you have trouble answering the question, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices.

114. STP 2 1.Xingjian’s relationship with the Chinese government can best be described as Asubservient. Bmanipulative. Cpassive. Dturbulent. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip Return to the passage, and underline the parts that represent decisions Xingjian had to make or actions Xingjian had to take. Based on what you underline, try to summarize the government’s role in Xingjian’s life. Then read the answer choices, eliminating those that you know are incorrect. Last, determine an answer from the answer choices that remain.

115. GeoFact 1 Japan’s 34-mile-long (55 km) Seikan railway tunnel, completed in 1988, connects the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. All four of Japan’s major islands are now connected to each other, either by railway tunnel, road tunnel, suspension bridge, or combination railway-road bridge.

116. Interdisciplinary Connection 2 Technology In early 2000 China and Japan jointly initiated a high-tech flood- and environmental- monitoring system. The computerized remote- sensing system is designed to help predict natural disasters and provide environmental information.

117. Culture Note 1 Japan The most common rice produced and consumed in Asia is long-grain rice, which has grains that remain separate after cooking. The Japanese, however, prefer short-grain “sticky rice,” or cooked rice mixed with a blend of rice vinegar, sugar, and salt. The coated grains of rice stick together and are easier to pick up with chopsticks and to form into rolls wrapped with seaweed, as in sushi.

118. SkillBuilder 1 Decision Making From deciding what to eat for lunch to choosing a career goal, young people must make decisions every day. Some decisions are easier to make than others because they are less complex and have minor consequences. Thinking logically and carefully about more important decisions will help you choose wisely.

119. SkillBuilder 2 Learning the Skill Decisions involve making a choice between alternatives. Each alternative has a likely consequence, or result. To make good decisions, consider as many of the likely consequences as possible before you take action. You can learn to improve your decision-making skills by following these basic steps:  Decision Making State the situation or define the problem. Ask: Why do I have to make a decision in this matter?  Gather all of the facts. Ask: What information should influence my decision?  Identify and evaluate alternatives. Ask: What are all of my options? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

120. SkillBuilder 3 Predict future consequences. Weigh the likely outcomes of each alternative.  Learning the Skill Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Consider your personal values. Use your values as guidelines for making the right decision.  Make your decision and act on it. You should now feel confident that you have thought about the issue carefully.  Evaluate your decision. Analyze whether you made the right choice. Ask: Would I make the same decision again? Decision Making

121. SkillBuilder 4 Practicing the Skill Answer the following questions about decision making. 1.Why is it important to consider more than one alternative when making a decision? 2.What are two reasons for predicting the possible consequences of each alternative you consider? There may be more than one good option available; some options are more suitable than others; you might not think of the best options first. Looking ahead can help you see if the result may cause any problems; doing so may help spark additional options; it can help you plan the steps to take once you make a decision. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers. Decision Making

122. SkillBuilder 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers. Practicing the Skill Answer the following questions about decision making. 3.What might be the result of making a decision that conflicts with your values? 4.What can you learn from evaluating a decision you have made? If a decision conflicts with your values, you might not be comfortable with your decision after you take action; it could affect you for a long time. Evaluating can help you improve your decision making and your choices in the future. As with other things, you get better with practice. Decision Making

123. Maps and Charts Contents Maps Transportation Routes in Central Japan East Asia: Moving Earth Chart Selected Countries: Balance of Trade Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

124. Maps and Charts 1

125. Maps and Charts 2

126. Maps and Charts 3

127. Political Map Transparency

128. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

129. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

130. End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.

131. End of Slide Show