1. Advisor 蔡仁傑 (Jen-Chieh Tsai) Group Members 應英四丙 96420456 曾雅眉 Kate 應英四丙 96420793 洪孟嬅 Polly 應英四丙 96422341 姜婷瑋 Jessica The Appropriateness of Snacks’ Translation in Taiwanese Night Markets 1

2. Presentation Outline 2  Purposes of the Study  Research Questions  Data Collection Procedure  Results  Discussions  Summary & Conclusions  Contributions  Limitations

3. Purposes of the Study differences  The differences between “free translation” and “literal translation” that are used in Taiwanese snacks’ translation advantagesdisadvantages  The advantages and disadvantages of using “free translation” and “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation Appropriateness  Appropriateness for Taiwanese snacks’ translation using different translation methods 3

4. Research Questions 1) 1) Is there any difference between “free translation” and “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? 2) 2) Is there any advantage or disadvantage using “free translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? 4

5. Research Questions 3) 3) Is there any advantage or disadvantage using “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? 4) 4) Is there a translation method, among “free translation” and “literal translation”, that is more appropriate for Taiwanese snacks’ translation? 5

6. Data Collection Procedure 1) Consulted books and papers which were related with translation methods in our library. 2) Applied many resources to verify and compared the differences and usages of the two translation methods. 6

7. Data Collection Procedure 3) Compared documents of books and papers from the Internet, and sifted out those documents and resources which were less relative with our topic. 4) Arranged the data that we summed up, and classified Taiwanese food into several categories. 7

8. Final Step Arranged the data that we summed up and classified Taiwanese food into several categories Third Step Compare documents of books and papers from the Internet Sifted out those documents and resources which were less relative with our topic Second Step Applied many resources to verify and compared the differences and usages of the two translation methods. First Step Consulted books and papers which were related with translation methods in our library Figure1 8

9. Conclusion of Data Collection Procedure  Much insufficient in food translation  Try to figure out what kind of translation is more suitable for Taiwanese particular food in night markets. 9

10. Results 10 Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 檸檬愛玉 Ning Meng Ai Yu Lemon Aiyu Jelly Lemon Juice with Jelly Fig 冰淇淋紅茶 Bing Qi Lin Hong Cha Ice Cream Black TeaFloating Black Tea Table 1 Drinks

11. Results 11 Table 2 Ice Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 綿綿冰 Mian Mian Bing Mein Mein IceSticky Ice Cream 芒果冰 Mang Guo Bing Mango Ice Shaved Ice with Diced Mango

12. Results 12 Table 3 Dessert Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 紅豆餅 Hong Dou Bing Red Bean Cake 綠豆糕 Lu Dou Gao Bean Paste Cake / Mung Bean Cake 龍鬚糖 Long Xu Tang Dragon Beard Candy / Dragon Whisker Candy 麻花 Ma Hua Hemp FlowersFried Dough Twist

13. Results 13 Table 4 Snacks Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 棺材板 Kuan Tsai Ban Coffin / Coffin- Board Sandwich Cream Thick Sauce in Thick Toast 春捲 Chun Chuan Spring Rolls Taiwanese Roll with Stuffing 牛舌餅 Niu She Ping Ox Tongue Cake Ox-Tongue-Shaped Cracker 小籠湯包 Hsiao Lung Tang Pao Pork Soup Dumpling Bun with Juicy(Pork) Stuffing 水餃 Shui Chiao Boiled Dumplings

14. Results 14 Table 5 Soup Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 蛋花湯 Tan Hua Tang Egg Drop Soup Clear Soup Containing Beaten Egg and Green Leafy Vegetable 四神湯 Su Shen T'ang Four Spirits Soup Four Herb Soup / Four-Treasures Soup 香菇雞湯 Hsiang Ku Chi Tang Chicken and Mushroom Soup

15. Results 15 Table 6 Rice Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 白飯 Bai Fan Plain White RiceSteamed Rice 油飯 You Fan Glutinous Oil Rice Flavored Sweet Rice 中式便當 Zhong Shi Bian Dang Lunch Box

16. Results 16 Table 7 Noodles Chinese Translation / Romanization System Transliteration / Literal Translation Free Translation 烏龍麵 Wu Long Mian Udon NoodlesSeafood Noodles 紅燒麵 ( 素 ) Hong Shao Mian (Su) Vegetable Beef Noodles

17. Discussions 17 Q1. Is there any difference between “free translation” and “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation?  Literal translation → emphasize on the literal meaning of the snacks’ original names  Free translation → the original meaning of the names themselves is important

18. Discussions 18 Q2. Is there any advantage or disadvantage using “free translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? For example, “ 烏龍麵 ” are called “Seafood Noodles ” in Free translation. AdvantageDisadvantage Foreigners don’t have to spend too much time to understand what the ingredients are contained in the food. The foreigners may confused “ 烏龍麵 ” with other kinds of “seafood noodles”.

19. Discussions 19 Q3. Is there any advantage or disadvantage using “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? For example, “ 蛋炒飯 ” are called “Egg Fried Rice” in literal translation. Advantages 1. The main ingredient, “egg” and “rice” are shown in the translation. 2. It shows the cooking process of this dish.

20. Discussions 20 Q3. Is there any advantage or disadvantage using “literal translation” in Taiwanese snacks’ translation? For example, “ 臭豆腐 ” and “ 豬血糕 ” are called “Stinky Tofu” and “Pig Blood Cake” in literal translation. Disadvantages 1. Foreigners cannot associate the taste with the food itself. 2. Translated names sound terrible that foreigners might not want to try those foods.

21. Discussions 21 Q4. Is there a translation method, among “free translation” and “literal translation”, that is more appropriate for Taiwanese snacks’ translation?  If the original Taiwanese snacks’ names shows clearly what ingredients are contained, we could use “literal translation” when we translated them.  If the original Taiwanese snacks’ names makes it difficult to recognize the contained ingredients, “free translation” may be a better choice.

22. Summary & Conclusions 22 Data resources were classified into seven categories.  Drinks mostly were translated using literal translation.  Rice was translated using both free translation and literal translation.  Dessert and snacks were better to be translated using free translation.

23. Contributions 23  This research aims at helping those who has to read the English translations to purchase Taiwanese snacks’ in night markets.  This research would be a contribution to those snacks’ vendors in Taiwanese night markets.  This research could be helpful when Taiwanese people want to introduce those Taiwanese snacks to foreigners.

24. Limitations 24  The Limited Time - to narrowed down the range to those snacks in “Taiwanese night markets”.  New Snacks - those new snacks can be added into the list for people who want to do this kind of research afterwards.

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