2. 3. Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

3. 9 million soldiers dead 21 million maimed 20 million civilians dead from disease and starvation Effects of WWI

4. What effects did WWI have on PRODUCTION? Begin with the Five Factors of PRODUCTION

5. Effects of WWI on Production LAND Land is destroyed, polluted with bodies, ordinance, poison, gun powder...

6. Labor Most of the laborers were killed or maimed. Women took up the slack, but were taken out of the home to do it. What was the effect? Effects of WWI on Production

7. Capital How much did the war cost? What does it take to start a business? Capital. Many countries were in debt.

8. Germany borrowed money from the U.S. to pay France and Britain, who needed to rebuild and couldn’t pay us. Russia defaulted on the loans from the U.S. Effects of WWI on Production

9. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs are intelligent, educated, clever, etc. Who were the first to enlist and go to war? The intelligent, educated, clever, etc.

10. Production Possibilities Curve Consumer Goods Capital Goods Means of Production L, L, C, E Max Output Potential

11. WWI exhausted and drained European democracies leading to The Great Depression

12. Social, political and economic chaos reign across Europe

13. The peace settlement that ended World War I (Versailles Treaty) failed to provide a “just and secure peace” as promised. Instead, Germany grew more and more resentful of the treaty that they felt was too harsh and too punitive.

14. In Italy, Russia, and Germany Totalitarianism Emerged Totalitarianism: Government controls every aspect of life. The Individual is a servant of the state and allowed few personal freedoms. All media promotes govt’s political philosophy.

15. In Italy, Economic downturn leads to discontent and anger.

16. Benito Mussolini Creates the Fascist Party

17. Fasces (noun) bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade protruding; in ancient Rome it was a symbol of a magistrate's power; in modern Italy it is a symbol of Fascism.

18. The U.S. Congress displays the fasces

19. Lincoln Memorial

20. Fascism: Political Philosophy that glorifies the state; single party system w/ strong ruler, aggressive nationalism.

21. Fascism stressed nationalism and militarism and placed the interest of the state above the interests of the individual

22. How is this like the Roman Empire? Everything the Romans did, they did for the STATE!

23. Called himself IL Duce “The Leader” He wanted to recapture the glory of the Roman Empire

25. STALIN’S PLANS In the first year of his “5-year plan” Stalin placed all economic activity under strict state control. By 1937, Stalin had achieved his goal– USSR was the world’s 2nd largest industrial power.

26. Russia called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin took control of the Soviet Union His goals included both ag and industrial growth Stalin hoped to transform the USSR from backward & rural to major industrial power

27. Purges remove enemies Dictatorship of the Proletariat? Secret Police

28. In his desire to purge any who threatened his power, Stalin was responsible for the deaths of 8 – 13 million of his own Soviet citizens. Millions more died of famine caused by his economic policies.

29. Children encouraged to spy on parents for counter- revolutionary thoughts

31. The Weimar Republic Installed in Germany by victors of WWI. Chaos rules the streets after 1918 New National Assembly meets in Weimar. Democracy replaces Monarchy. 1920: Nationalist coup attempt 1923: French take steel and coal mills in the Ruhr valley: reparations

32. To meet expenses, govt. printed more and more paper money….

34. Before WWI: 1 Dollar = 4 Marks After WW1: 1 Dollar = 4,000,000,000,000 Marks

36. Nazi Party come to power legally

37. Hitler granted emergency powers to fight “communist threat”

38. Hitler Begins to Silence all enemies. Nuremburg Laws: Jews stripped of Citizenship and right to hold office. Kristallnacht: Nov 9 and 10, 1938: Jews attacked. Shops and synagogues burned. Some beaten and killed, others sent to concentration camps.

39. The Führer