1. Good Afternoon!! 1.NVC 2.HOT ROC: United Nations 3.The Cold War Begins Essential Question: Who is most responsible for the Cold War: the USA or the Soviet Union?

2. HOT ROC: The United Nations What do you think is more necessary to maintain world peace and security: – Making sure ALL nations feel heard and respected – Making sure the nations with the MOST POWER feel heard and respected Strengths: forces super powers to have their conflicts in the framework of the UN, BOTH POWERS must agree for something to get done so they must work together Weaknesses: Middle powers not represented, Great Powers have no desire to share power, Great Powers NEVER agree to nothing ever gets done

3. Transition: The Cost of War On the next slides you will see a chart and an image – What do you notice about the chart/image? – How might the different ways the USA and USSR (Russia) experienced World War II have led to tension between the two countries after World War II?

4. The Cost of War Soviet UnionUSA Total Deaths23 million (14% of population) 420,000 (0.32% of population) Land DamageNazis destroyed every major city & much of countryside Pearl Harbor was bombed Economic Situation Broke and need to rebuild whole country Profited from war

5. The Cost of War Stalingrad, 1945Washington DC, 1945

6. Tensions Rise Biggest point of tension: Redrawing the map of post- war Europe – Free elections or no elections? Soviet Army remains in Eastern Europe – Refuses to allow democratic elections – Iron Curtain: Soviets set up loyal Communist governments all over Eastern Europe Truman Doctrine (1947): US vows to stop spread of Communism – Known as Containment

7. A World Divided Divided Alliances – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1949: U.S., Canada, and Western Europe Known as the First World – Warsaw Pact 1955: Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe Known as the Second World

8. Inquiry Who is most responsible for the Cold War: the USA or the Soviet Union? Jigsaw the first round of evidence (Docs A and B) with your partner. – Each partner must share their responses, but also EXPLAIN the document! – Discuss and decide on a hypothesis TOGETHER Repeat Jigsaw process with second round (Docs C and D)

9. Who is to blame?! Soviet Union is Responsible SOVIET UNION because they want to expand their power, spread their communist ideals, and will stop at nothing! – “desire unlimited expansion of their power and communist ideals”—Winston Churchill, Western perspective – Iron Curtain dividing Europe, STRONG division between ways of life, stopping communication – Choice between FREEDOM and OPPRESSION – US trying to PROTECT countries from a Communist doom United States is Responsible

10. What similarities do you notice between these two maps? German attack routes, 1941“Iron Curtain,” 1946