1. The Twentieth Century 1900-2000

2. Nineteenth-Century Thinkers Undermining Victorian Ideas Charles Darwin Charles Darwin Origin of Species set forth a theory of evolution of animal species based on natural selection Origin of Species set forth a theory of evolution of animal species based on natural selection “Social Darwinism” – survival of the fittest “Social Darwinism” – survival of the fittest Unrestricted competition Unrestricted competition Rigid class distinctions Rigid class distinctions Indifference to social problems Indifference to social problems Doctrines of racial superiority Doctrines of racial superiority

3. Nineteenth-Century Thinkers Undermining Victorian Ideas Karl Marx Karl Marx Das Kapital – advocated the abolition of private property Das Kapital – advocated the abolition of private property His theories revolutionized political though and eventually led to changes His theories revolutionized political though and eventually led to changes Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud The Interpretation of Dreams – motives for human behavior is found in the irrational and sexually driven realm of the unconscious The Interpretation of Dreams – motives for human behavior is found in the irrational and sexually driven realm of the unconscious This outrage the conservative Victorians --- but artists and writers found the notion fascinating This outrage the conservative Victorians --- but artists and writers found the notion fascinating

4. The Rise of Dictatorships Italy Italy Fascism Fascism Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini Germany Germany Fascism Fascism Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Russia Russia Communism Communism Nikolai Lenin and Joseph Stalin Nikolai Lenin and Joseph Stalin

5. Experimentation in Art Art challenged traditional values of beauty and order and opened new avenues of expression. Art challenged traditional values of beauty and order and opened new avenues of expression. Henri Matisse – experimented with line and colors Henri Matisse – experimented with line and colors Pablo Picasso – started cubism Pablo Picasso – started cubism John Millington Synge – Irish playwright, made a blemished character the hero John Millington Synge – Irish playwright, made a blemished character the hero James Joyce – writing was banned for shocking the audience James Joyce – writing was banned for shocking the audience Joseph Conrad – Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad – Heart of Darkness Virginia Woolf – rejected traditional chronological order of storytelling (stream of consciousness) Virginia Woolf – rejected traditional chronological order of storytelling (stream of consciousness)

6. Pessimistic Literature Angry Young Men Angry Young Men Criticized the institutional, the conventional, and the conforming. (esp. the upper classes) Criticized the institutional, the conventional, and the conforming. (esp. the upper classes) Social Engineering came under much attack Social Engineering came under much attack

7. Reasons for contemporary British literature’s amazing diversity. The influence of different social and philosophical movements The influence of different social and philosophical movements The influx of literature from Britain's former colonies The influx of literature from Britain's former colonies Innovations in technology and communication Innovations in technology and communication The effects of various political concerns The effects of various political concerns

8. The Twentieth Century New thinking in science, psychology, & economics challenged Victorian Ideals New thinking in science, psychology, & economics challenged Victorian Ideals Patriotism and Romantic notion of bravery were swept away Patriotism and Romantic notion of bravery were swept away Traditional notion of beauty and order were rejected Traditional notion of beauty and order were rejected World Wide Economic depression brought dictatorships to a new height World Wide Economic depression brought dictatorships to a new height WWI & WWII had diminished the size of Western Europe WWI & WWII had diminished the size of Western Europe Britain could not hold onto their territories after the war Britain could not hold onto their territories after the war

9. The Rocking-Horse Winner page 996

10. Getting Ready to Read ( journal … write continuously for 3 minutes) How does money shape our society? How does money shape our society? What will people do to get money? What will people do to get money? Who do people fight to get money for? Who do people fight to get money for? Why do we need money? Why do we need money? Have you ever compromised yourself or your morals for money? If so what would you compromise? What would you keep sacred? Have you ever compromised yourself or your morals for money? If so what would you compromise? What would you keep sacred? Writing 2.3: Exploring significance of conditions & events. Flexible in thinking : tries to understand both sides of an issue

11. Surveying the Text The title of the piece refers to a rocking-horse. The title of the piece refers to a rocking-horse. What is a rocking-horse? What is a rocking-horse? Who uses it? Who uses it? Reading 2.1 Analyze features of texts. Uses past knowledge in new situations and connects two different ideas.

12. Making Predictions and Asking Questions How does a rocking-horse win? How does a rocking-horse win? Read the opening paragraph. Compare how things appear in the house and how they actually are. Read the opening paragraph. Compare how things appear in the house and how they actually are. What do you think this story is going to be about? What do you think this story is going to be about? Asks questions, gather information, and figure out what it means. Reading 2.3 Verify facts

13. Introducing Key Vocabulary a) reiterated b) parried c) arrested d) uncanny e) obscure 1. checked or halted in motion 2. Replied evasively 3. Little-known 4. Strange; eerie 5. repeated Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2 Precision of Language

14. Reading the Text Read “The Rocking-Horse Winner.” As you read notice which voices permeate the house and what effects these voices have on the characters. Read “The Rocking-Horse Winner.” As you read notice which voices permeate the house and what effects these voices have on the characters. Mark passages of interest with your post-it notes. Mark passages of interest with your post-it notes. (If you do not finish in class you may finish for homework)