2. The Texas Revolution Begins All of this is before Texas is considered to be part of the United States.

3. Vocabulary David G. Burnet: The 1 st president of the Republic of Texas in 1836. Sam Houston: The president of the Republic of Texas and governor of Texas from 1859 to 1861. petition: to make a request of someone in charge. Bill of Rights: (Texas Constitution) certain rights that belong to all Texans.

4. Early Battles Texans were ANGRY!!! –Stephen F. Austin was held in a Mexican prison. –Santa Anna demanded that Texans pay taxes on goods from the U.S. –Santa Anna wanted Texans to trade with Mexico instead of the U.S.

5. Early Battles Who was Santa Anna? –Real name- Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna –President of Mexico –General (commander of an army) during the Texas Revolution

6. There were 3 Early Battles Gonzales Goliad (there was another battle in Goliad later, too) San Antonio –in October & December 1835

7. Early Battles Who was Santa Anna? –Mexico’s dictator (a ruler who has absolute power and authority, one who is cruel and unjust) –Wanted more power than he should have according to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. The Mexican Constitution was the plan of government that Mexico came up with after it was free from Spain.

8. Early Battles Fighting begins October 2, 1835 –Santa Anna started it by sending troops into Texas. –A commander in the Mexican army ordered his soldiers to take a cannon from the town of Gonzales.

9. Early Battles 1 st Battle in Gonzales –October 2, 1835 –fought over a cannon that the Mexicans wanted –The men of Gonzales told the “Come and take it”

10. Early Battles 1 st Battle--- Gonzales –October 2, 1835 –Lasted only a few minutes –The men of Gonzales and some Texas soldiers easily defeated the Mexicans. –1 BATTLE WON FOR TEXAS!!

11. Early Battles 2 nd Battle--- Goliad –October 9, 1935 –Texans attacked a Mexican fort –2 BATTLES WON FOR TEXAS!! –Now the Texans really believe that they can defeat Santa Anna’s army.

12. Early Battles 3 rd Battle--San Antonio –December 5, 1935 –Texans attacked the Mexicans –Lasted 4 days –3 BATTLES WON FOR TEXAS!!

13. March on San Antonio About 300 Texan troops gathered to begin a March on San Antonio. –Stephen F. Austin was the commander-in-chief. –They faced the last 1,100 Mexican troops in Texas. –They shouted, “ON TO SAN ANTONIO!”

14. March on San Antonio Stephen F. Austin sent 90 soldiers ahead of the rest of the soldiers. –BUT, 275 Mexican soldiers ended up attacking them. –Yet, the 90 Texan soldiers still overpowered the Mexican soldiers and won.

15. March on San Antonio December 5, 1835 –The Mexican army finally returned to Mexico

16. March on San Antonio Was it finally over??? –Texans hoped that the fighting was over. –But Santa Anna had his own personal plans. He wanted to lead the army himself into Texas. Maybe he thought “If you want something done right, then do it yourself.”

17. A New Government “A need for change”

18. A New Government Consultation –Was the meeting that was held in San Felipe in November 1835. 1 st they talked about their beliefs. –one group wanted to stay loyal to Mexico –the other group wanted to be independent from Mexico.

19. A New Government Consultation –Was the meeting that was held in San Felipe 2 nd they created a temporary government for Texas. –They elected Henry Smith as governor. –They elected Sam Houston as commander-in-chief of the army. Sam Houston Henry Smith

20. A New Government Consultation –The new government started off having too many problems. Some people wanted to remain part of Mexico. There were no money to pay soldiers. –So, people were sent to the United States to raise the money needed to fight.

21. A New Government Consultation –The new government started off having too many problems. They agreed to meet again in March of 1836.

22. A New Government Santa Anna was on his way…. –February 1836, he and his troops were in the Rio Grande.

23. Texas Declares Independence “We want to be on our own and this is why….”

24. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –Met at the town of Washington-on-the Brazos. –Called the Convention of 1836 –No one argued this time.

25. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –They realized that they needed to fight Santa Anna in order to gain their independence from Mexico.

26. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –The leaders decided to declare independence from Mexico. Sam Houston was one of the leaders. –They formed a new country– THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS

27. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS flag David G. Burnet Flag (12/10/1836-1/24/1839)-- Adopted as the first national flag by the First Congress of the Republic of Texas.

28. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –They came up with the: Texas Declaration of Independence to explain why Texas wanted to be independent

29. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –Texas Declaration of Independence Listed the problems with Mexico’s rule: –No freedom of religion –No right to jury trial –No right to petition (make requests of the government) –No public schools

30. Texas Declares Independence March 2, 1836 –EVERY person voted in favor for the Texas Declaration of Independence. –We now celebrate Texas Independence Day every year on March 2 nd.

31. A New Constitution “We say that these are the rights that belong to the people that live in Texas.”

32. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –They made their own constitution (a plan of government) TEXAS CONSTITUTION of 1836

33. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 The purpose was to make it known how the new government would work. 3 branches of government

34. A New Constitution Texas considered itself an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 Contained a Bill of Rights –Certain rights belonged to all Texans –Freedom of speech –Freedom of religion –Right to a trial by jury

35. A New Constitution Texas considered itself an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 Did not free slaves living in Texas. Even free African Americans had to get permission to stay in Texas. Even the African Americans that were soldiers, had to get permission.

36. Temporary Government Who is going to run things?

37. Temporary Government The war was going on with Mexico. –So new leaders had to be chosen right away. No time to hold elections. David G. Burnet was chosen to be the first president of Texas on March 17, 1836. Lorenzo de Zavala was named vice president on March 17, 1836. David G. Burnet Lorenzo de Zavala

38. Independence for TEXAS!!!

39. The Battle of the Alamo February 24 - March 6, 1836

40. The Fight for the Alamo There were only 183 Texans guarding the Alamo. The Mexican army had 1,800 men. The Texans held the Alamo for 12 days. On the 13th day, Santa Anna ordered his men to storm the fortress. When it was over, all but 5 Texans were dead. The men who were not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna. Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom

41. Santa Anna wants to make a statement! Santa Anna flies the traditional RED FLAG from his headquarters, indicating “no quarter,” or no prisoners. As the Mexican Army marched toward the Alamo, they sang, “El Deguello,” an ancient chant of no mercy WHAT WAS THE STATEMENT SANTA ANNA WAS TRYING TO MAKE?

42. The Bombardment The Mexican bombardment began February 24th, and lasted until March 5th The Alamo held up well with its tall, thick walls Also with the KENTUCKY RIFLE, the Texans were able to pick off Mexican troops from great distances

43. Measuring the Odds William B. Travis was the Texas commander at the Alamo He could obviously see he was severely outnumbered - 1800 Mexicans v. 200 Texans “VICTORY OR DEATH”

44. The Line in the Dirt Knowing whoever fought in the battle was sure to meet their death, William B. Travis supposedly drew a line in the dirt with his sword and gave every man under his command the opportunity to leave, one man left.

45. The Alamo--The Final Attack The actual battle took an estimated 90 minutes -- 5:30am to about 7:00am. All who defended the Alamo died, with the exception of women and children, and a Mexican soldier who convinced Santa Anna he was fighting against his will. The Mexican armies lost an estimated 600 trained soldiers, all of whom were very hard to replace.

46. Santa Anna and the Alamo Santa Anna lost enough professional soldiers to be set back two weeks, two weeks the Texans really needed The brutality of Santa Anna made him lose much respect from his troops

47. While the battle at the Alamo raged on, Colonel James W. Fannin led about 300 men in another part of Texas. William B. Travis wanted him to come to San Antonio with more men, but he never made it. On his way there, Mexico’s General Urrea was too close and Sam Houston ordered a retreat. Fannin’s troops never made it to the Alamo… HELP on the way??

48. Remember Goliad They stopped in a field near Coleta Creek to rest and were surrounded by Urrea’s troops. After two days of fighting, James W. Fannin surrendered. All the captives thought they would be returned to the US – instead, they were marched to Goliad where Santa Anna ordered that they all be executed!

49. Runaway Scrape When the settlers heard of the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad, they feared for their lives. As Santa Anna approached Gonzales, the people there began to flee – some all the way to Louisiana and some to places like Nacogdoches and Galveston Island. They burned their houses and belongings so the Mexican army couldn’t use them.

50. The Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836

51. Sam Houston and his men Days before the Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston was said to have had an estimated 1,000 soldiers. These soldiers were NOT trained military men. The majority of his soldiers were volunteers who knew a whole lot about farming, and very little about war.

52. “Charge, and Remember the Alamo!” Houston ordered his troops to attack at 3:30 the afternoon of April 21st in the battle of San Jacinto. The Mexican troops were resting, watering horses, or eating. Houston’s troops enter the camp unnoticed.

53. The battle lasted no more than 20 minutes. 10 Texans killed, 30 wounded including Sam Houston, who shattered his ankle due to a musket shot. 630 Mexicans killed, 750 taken prisoner including Santa Anna. “Charge, and Remember the Alamo!”

54. Santa Anna Makes a Run for it! Santa Anna surprised by the attack, seeing defeat in sight attempts to escape capture. He makes a soldier switch clothes with him, and tries to run for it. He is caught later in the evening hiding in the tall grass of a field, a Mexican soldier calls him out and he is brought in to custody.

55. VICTORY!!!