1. Chapter 13 – Manifest Destiny Section 1 – The Oregon Country

2. Vocabulary Chapter 13 1.Joint Occupation7. Barricade 2.Emigrant8. Forty-Niners 3.Manifest Destiny9. Boomtown 4.Annex10. Vigilante 5.Decree11. Justify 6.Incorporate12. Access

3. Oregon Territory Oregon (OR) Idaho (ID) Montana (MT) Washington (WA) Wyoming (WY) British Columbia, Canada

4. Adams-Onis Treaty Spain gave up Oregon Territory & Set Ca’s northern boarder to what it is today. Russia gave up land south of Alaska. (British Columbia, Canada) USA & Britain worked out a joint occupation of Oregon Territory. USA wanted to split the territory w/ GB at 49 th parallel (latitude line), GB refused. (OUR CURRENT BOARDER TO CANADA.

5. Oregon & Manifest Destiny? Since colonial times, many Americans had believed their nation's mission should be to serve as a model of freedom and democracy. In the 1800s that vision changed, Many believed that the nation's mission was to spread freedom by settling the entire continent. John O’ Sullivan NY Newspaper Editor declared it was our Manifest Destiny to possess the whole continent of N. America

6. Mountain Men in Oregon mountain man- an adventurer of the American West. Made a living by trapping. Trapping – hunting & catching animals for fur trade or food. Due to over trapping, there was a decline in the number of beavers living in the territory Mountain men would later work as guides.

7. Along the Oregon Trail prairie schooner- a canvas-covered wagon used by pioneers in the mid-1800s. Used by Emigrants.

8. "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight," referring to the line of latitude they (Democrats) believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon. America wanted the border to be set at the 54 Degree Latitude Line. GB didn’t and would never accept, instead the 49 Degree line which had been refused years earlier became the boarder.

9. British Columbia, Canada Washingto n Fifty-Four Forty or Fight“ Part II

10. Ch 13 – Section 2 Statehood for Florida & Texas Florida & Texas were acquired through negotiations and conflicts…

11. Statehood for Florida (FL) 7/17/1821 – Spain transferred FL to USA. Tallahassee became the territorial capital. 3/27/1845- FL becomes 27 th state. State added as slave state, Iowa would be added as a free state. There needed to be a balance of free and slave states.

12. Statehood for Texas (TX) Mexico wins independence from Spain. MEX offered American’s the opportunity to come and settle in TX. Stephen F. Austin, brought 300 American settlers. Many more would come, American’s would outnumber Mexicans

13. Statehood for Texas (TX) II MEX issued a decree, closing off TX American & Tejanos would create plan to break TX from MEX. Tejano- Texan of MEX decent. Stephen F. Austin & Sam Houston tried to bring peace. Instead MEX Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna brought war to San Antonio @ the Alamo.

14. Remember the Alamo!

15. Fall of the Alamo

16. Battle at the Alamo MEX has attacks w/ an army in thousands. Texans have an army of 180. Texan had great leaders like Davy Crockett, William Travis and Jim Bowie. 13 Day Battle, MEX wins, Women & Children spared. MEX’s message to American’s, Don’t Come here. Instead American’s & Texan’s would rally, chanting Remember the Alamo Eventually Texan’s would win the battle and Texas would become independent

17. Crocket, Bowie, Travis, Houston

18. Lone Star Republic to State Sept 1836 – Sam Houston – Pres of TX. Houston / TX requested, that TX become a state. Andrew Jackson refused the request. Why, because a new state would upset the balance of free and slave states in USA. Under the policy of Manifest Destiny, Pres. Polk, TX would become a state in 1845.

19. Presidents @ The Time John Tyler Signed FL Statehood Bill James K. Polk Annexed TX

20. Fun Fact Houston was not always called Houston…its original name was San Jacinto San Jacinto Monument

21. Chapter 13 – Section 3 War With Mexico

22. The New Mexico Territory It included all of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Contained the Santa Fe Trail, this was a busy trade route. Trade = $$$

24. California’s Spanish Culture Rancho- ranch, especially the large estates set up by Mexicans in the American West. Ranchero- rancher, owner of a rancho. Resource- something that can be used for benefit, especially land, minerals, and water. Spanish California = ranches, farming, and Christianity.

25. Spanish California

26. Conflict Begins… How did this war start? USA felt that the boarder to TX, should be Rio Grande could offer $30 million for California and New Mexico. Both countries disagreed about the TEX/MEX boarder. Polk, sent John Slidell, to MEX to propose a deal. Mexico would get 30 million dollars as long as MEX accepted the Rio Grande as the TX border.

27. Conflict Begins… The USA would also pay what Mexico owed to USA citizens. MEX refuses. Instead wants to retake Texas for MEX. Polk sends Zachary Taylor to Rio Grande River, a disputed area, & Taylor’s forces are attacked. May 13, 1846, USA declares war on MEX.

28. Taylor & Troops Arriving @ Disputed Rio Grande Territory.

30. Battle of Cerro Gordo

32. Battle of Buena Vista

34. Battle of Chapultepec

36. Polk’s War Plan 1.Get MEX out of Texas 2.Gain the lands of New Mexico / California 3.Advance into MEX & capture the capital – Mexico City.

37. California Uprising American settlers in northern CA had begun an uprising. (Bear Flag Revolt) uprising- rebellion, revolt. California would become impendent, and eventually claimed by USA. Gen Winfield Scott, would attack Mexico City, and after 6 months (Sept 1847) Mexico City was captured. Polk’s war plan worked!

39. Peace Terms MEX Defeated on February 2, 1848. Mexico's leaders signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico gave the US 500,000+ square miles of territory… (California, Nevada, and Utah, most of Arizona, New Mexico & parts of Colorado and Wyoming.) MEX accepted Rio Grande R. as boarder to Texas The USA paid MEX $15 million, and $3.25 million of debt money owed by American’s to MEX.

40. 1853 1848

41. Chapter 13 – Section 4 California & Utah California Gold Rush: forty-niners had little mining experience, they would dig and pan for gold. not a football team, yet.

42. The Gold Rush Cities in CA became, boomtowns, they developed quickly. Mining towns has no police or jails, just vigilanties.

43. Religious Refuge in Utah Mormons – members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Founder – Joseph Smith a New Englander Mormon’s began in NY, 1 st settled in Illinois, then Utah. Smith believed to have an ideal society, property should be shared, and men can have more than 1 wife…

44. Religious Refuge in Utah Joseph Smith is killed and Brigham Young takes over. Eventually they founded a haven in the desert, Salt Lake City, Utah 1850 Congress est the Utah Territory. Brigham Young was named governor.

45. Utah Utah did not have an easy incorporation due to conflicts w. federal officials over, Mormon ideas… In 1857 and 1858, war almost broke out between the Mormons and the United States Army. Utah did not become a state until 1896, after the Mormons officially gave up the practice of polygamy.