1. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Photovoltaic Systems Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil

2. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University What is Solar Photovoltaic Electricity? Photovoltaic derives from the Greek word "phos " meaninglight and the word "volt" (named by Al essandro Volta) Stands for light-current conversion or photon en ergyelectric current conversion Light to current conversion takes place within so lar cells

3. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University What is Solar Photovoltaic Electricity? PVs are arrays of cells containing a Solar photov oltaic material that converts solar radiation into dir ect current electricity. Materials presently used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon, poly crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmiu m telluride, and copper indium selenide/sulfidesolar radiationdir ect currentelectricitymonocrystalline siliconpoly crystalline siliconmicrocrystalline siliconcadmiu m telluridecopper indium selenide

4. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Photovoltaic Principle The photovoltaic principle is to force the electrons going to an opposite side of the material than the holes and vice versa. Then it will appear a potential difference between the two side and a tension will be created.

5. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University

6. Cells/Modules/Panels/Arrays

7. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Cells Connections

8. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Basic Structure of a Generic PV Cell

9. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University PV Panel Types Monocrystalline Silicon Panels Polycrystalline Silicon Panels Amorphous Silicon or Thin Film Panels

10. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University PV Panel Types

11. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Monocrystalline Silicon Panels 15-18% efficiency Use crystalline silicon produced in large sheets Cut to the size of a panel and integrated into the panel as a single large cell More expensive to produce than other crystallin e panels Higher Efficiency Levels

12. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Polycrystalline Silicon Panels 12-14% efficiency Use a series of cells instead of one large cell Most inexpensive forms of photovoltaics a vailable today Lower conversion efficiencies than monoc rystalline panels

13. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Amorphous Silicon or Thin Film Panels 5-6% efficiency (Low) No crystalline structure Applied as a thin film directly on different materi als Use copper indium diselenide (CIS) and cadmiu m telluride (CdTe) Low manufacturing costs and versatility Produced much more quickly and efficiently Depend on silicon with high levels of impurities

14. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Effect of Installation Angle

15. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University

17. Sun Trackers

18. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Electrical properties IS - reverse saturation current (A) (aproximately range 10-8/m2), VD - diode voltage (V), VT - thermal voltage, VT = 25.7 mV at 25°C, m - diode ideality factor = 1.5 x VT (-) (m = 1 for ideal diode)

19. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Electrical properties

20. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Electrical properties

21. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Effect of Irradiation

22. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Effect of Temperature

23. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Serial Connection of Solar Cells

24. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Parallel Connection of Solar Cells

25. Power Electronics and Power Conversion, Assiut University Components of PV Systems