1. Foreign Policy 2 Foreign Aid and Alliances

2. U.S. Foreign Policy

3. Middle East

4. East Asia

5. U.S. Foreign Policy Analysis Exercise Divide into groups Take a card and research the given historical period Create a description of what the world was like during this time. Come up with a description of what U.S. policymakers stance was towards this event. What actions did they take? What was the United States role or responsibility in this foreign policy situation? If you were a U.S. foreign policy leader during this time, would you have handled the situation the same way? Be willing to share your research!!!!

6. Foreign Aid Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3tZB fyNH9A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3tZB fyNH9A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFbOz EI6IYk (Bill Gates) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFbOz EI6IYk

7. Breakdown of US Aid by country Top 25 Recipient Countries of U.S. Foreign Aid Fiscal Year 2010 - Reported in $US millions: (second figure, per person) Afghanistan = $11,446.80 - $393.08 Pakistan = $2,853.50 - $15.47 Israel = $2,835.80 - $385.62 Iraq = $2,087.90 - $70.37 Egypt = $1,698.90 $21.11 Haiti = $1,408.10 - $145.94 Ethiopia = $981.80 - $11.16 Sudan = $975.90 - $22.21 Colombia = $863.70 - $19.54 Kenya = $818.70 - $20.05 Jordan = $767.10 - $119.72 Mexico = $718.20 - $6.39 Senegal = $702.10 - $56.97 West Bank/Gaza = 693.10 - Not known South Africa = $567.80 - $11.56 Tanzania = $554.80 - $3.24 Russia = $505.90 - $3.63 Uganda = $487.40 - $14.59 Nigeria = $459.00 - $2.84 Georgia = $437.80 - $95.17 Mozambique = $404.40 - $18.04 Congo (Kinshasa) = $388.90 - $5.57 Indonesia = $338.00 - $1.39 Zambia = $331.80 - $24.65 Kazakhstan = $321.70 - $18.83 Foreign aid makes up about 1 % of the Federal Budget

8. Background of Foreign Aid Defined as economic and military aid given to other countries Has been a basic feature of the American foreign policy for more than sixty years. Began with the Lend-Lease Program of the early 1940’s (sent WWII allies 50 billion in food, munitions, and other supplies) Foreign Aid became an important part of the containment policy beginning with American aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947 (as we discussed) To deal with and counter the Soviets (Russians) in the cold war, under Secretary of State George C. Marshall, the United States poured some 13 billion into 16 nations in Western Europe between 1948-1952.

9. Types of U.S. aid to foreign countries Immediately after World War II, American aid was primarily economic. Since that time, however, military assistance has assumed a larger role in aid policy. Until the 1950s, Europe received the lion’s share of American help. Since then, the largest amounts have gone to nations in Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.

10. Reasons for Foreign Aid Sent to nations regarded as the most critical to the realization of this country’s foreign policy objectives Example (Israel, Egypt, Philippines) Most foreign aid money must be used to buy American goods and services. (this results in most aid money being spent on US goods and services) USAID (or US Agency for International Development) administers most of the economic aid programs, in close cooperation with The Department of State and Agriculture. Most military aid is channeled through the Defense Department

11. Security Alliances, what is the point of them????

12. U.S. history of Security Alliances The United States has constructed a network of regional security alliances built on mutual defense treaties. In each of these agreements, the United States and the other countries involved have agreed to take collective action to meet aggression in a particular part of the world

13. Breakdown of Security Alliances NATO- The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, signed in 1949. The alliance formed initially to promote the collective defense of Western Europe, particularly against the threat of Soviet aggression. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's defense spending

14. Spur off of NATO ISAF (International Security Assistance Force). UN established this multinational peacekeeping force in late 2001 in the wake of the American-led war in Afghanistan As of 2009 ISAF is composed of 40,000 combat and support troops drawn from 37 nations.

15. Places where NATO has played a role Has played a role in the 2005 Darfur genocide. (Have helped train and transport troops taking part in multinational peacekeeping.) Has played a role in peacekeeping in Bosnia.

16. Other US Alliances Rio Pact of 1947 (Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance). It pledges the United States, Canada, and now 32 Latin American countries to treat any “armed attack…….against an American state……as an attack against all American state.” What does this remind us of???? ANZUS Pact of 1951 – unites Australia, New Zealand, and the United States to ensure their collective security in the Pacific Region Japanese Pact of 1951- After six years of occupying Japan, the allies of World War II signed a mutual defense treaty with Japan. In return for American protection, Japan permits the United States to maintain land, sea, and air forces in and around its territory.

17. The United States and the United Nations (UN) Does anyone know what the UN is and what it does? The UN came into being at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, which met in San Francisco in 1945. Here, representatives from 50 nations (the victors of World War II) drafted the United Nations charter. The charter is a treaty among all the UN’s member- states and serves as the body’s constitution.

18. Breakdown of the United Nations (General Assembly) Consists of two main segments- The General Assembly and the Security Council The General Assembly is the town meeting of the world. Each one of the UN’s members has a seat and a vote in the Assembly. Sessions take place once a year. The assembly elects 10 nonpermanent members of the Security Council, the 54 members of the Economic and Social Council, and the elective members of the Trustee-ship council. Also selects the secretary-general and the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice.

19. Breakdown of UN (Security Council) The UN’s Security Council is made up of 15 members. Five are permanent members- United States, Britain, France, Russia, and China The general assembly chooses 10 nonpermanent members for 2 year terms. They cannot be immediately reelected. The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace. (mention Syria???) On procedural questions---routine matters----decisions of the Security Council can be made by the affirmative vote of any nine members. On the more important matters----substantive questions---at least nine affirmative votes are needed. However, a negative vote by any one of the permanent members is enough to kill any resolution

20. The Work of the UN The purpose of the UN can be summed up this way: to make the world a better place. Peacekeeping is a primary function of the United Nations. More than 100,000 military and civilian personnel provided by some 120 member countries are currently engaged in at least 16 UN global operations. Spend several billion dollars a year on economic and social programs for the world’s poorest Conduct an international fight against diseases Video on US peacekeeping- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqYuRh78-_4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqYuRh78-_4

21. Know the difference between the three types of world systems Multi-polar World System Bi-polar World System Uni-polar World System

22. Multi-polar world system World controlled by 3 or more hegemons (or world powers)

23. Bi-polar World System Bi-polar World System- characterized by two (bi) major powers Two major powers seen on the map- the United States (blue) and Russia (red), this is the cold war scenario from 1945- 1991

24. Uni-polar World System The world system that has characterized the world since 1991. The U.S. is the hegemon (sole world power) Why is this? What has changed?

25. Geography plays an important role in foreign policy Choke Points- a narrow passage, such as a strait, through which shipping must pass.

26. Quiz Terms Lend-Lease Act How much of the federal budget does foreign aid account for? General Assembly (UN) Security Council (UN) Uni-polar system

27. Isolationism vs. Active Foreign Policy In three paragraphs, convince me in one way or another whether the United States should be an isolationist in 2015 or should they have an active foreign policy. Cite examples from U.S. history and your own predictions to better support your argument.