1. Unit 6: Motivation & Learning Day 1: Maslow & Theories of Motivation For Tonight: – Revise & finish First Nations research paper For Monday: – Read Kevin Spaulding article (download PDF from website) – Myers 481-497 – RJ 6.1 & 6.2 DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): – What are your goals for today? – For this month? – For the next five years?

2. Unit 8: Motivation & Learning Day 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs BIG PICTURE: – MS essay due tomorrow (or draft today) – Unit Review Packet – Reading Quizzes Today: – Daily Commentary – Self Actualization assessment – Notes – Advertising Campaigns ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: – What motivations drive human behavior? – How do humans experience and express emotions? Today’s Objective: – I can explain and evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs – I can define drive reduction theory

3. Basic rule of Motivation We do things because we either want to: – Want something – Want to avoid something

4. 4 Perspectives on Motivation Four perspectives to explain motivation: 1.Instinct Theory 2.Drive-Reduction Theory 3.Arousal Theory 4.Hierarchy of Motives

5. 5 Instincts & Evolutionary Psychology Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned (Tinbergen, 1951). Where the woman builds different kinds of houses the bird builds only one kind of nest. © Ariel Skelley/ Masterfile Tony Brandenburg/ Bruce Coleman, Inc.

6. 6 Drive-Reduction Theory When the instinct theory of motivation failed it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (Hull, 1951).

7. 7 Drive Reduction Food Drive Reduction Organism The physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis, the maintenance of a steady internal state (e.g., maintenance of steady body temperature). Stomach Full Empty Stomach (Food Deprived)

8. 8 Incentive Where our needs push, incentives (positive or negative stimuli) pull us in reducing our drives. A food-deprived person who smells baking bread (incentive) feels a strong hunger drive.

9. 9 Optimum Arousal Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys and children are known to explore the environment in the absence of a need-based drive. Harlow Primate Laboratory, University of Wisconsin Randy Faris/ Corbis

10. Yerkes-Dodson Law (of Stress) When doing a difficult physical task, the ideal emotional state is low stress, low arousal – EXAMPLE: shooting a free throw When doing an easier task, the ideal state of stress/arousal is high – Taking a quiz/test – Being nervous is a GOOD sign

11. 11 Hierarch of Needs Abraham Maslow (1970) suggested that certain needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come before psychological needs such as achievement, self-esteem, and the need for recognition. (1908-1970)

12. 12 Hierarch of Needs Hurricane Survivors Menahem Kahana/ AFP/ Getty Images Mario Tama/ Getty Images David Portnoy/ Getty Images for Stern Joe Skipper/ Reuters/ Corbis

13. Maslow’s Hierarchy 1.Presumably, lower needs are to some degree satisfied before higher needs become operative. Do needs lower in the hierarchy receive higher satisfaction ratings? 2.Is it easier to think of behaviors belonging to one level rather than another? What does this suggest? 3.Do certain behaviors reflect more than one motive? 4.Are there important motives not included in the hierarchy? 5.Are you failing to meet some needs in the hierarchy? If so, does this suggest changes you would like to make in your priorities?

14. Generate Examples of the Pyramid of Needs Give examples of recent behaviors/activities you have engaged in at each level of the pyramid – It is possible that you have not hit each level

15. Maslow’s Advertising Slogans! In groups of 2-3, create advertising slogans for the following products. Make sure you have one ad slogan to appeal to each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy. – A sneaker / shoe company – a college / university – Make up or other beauty product – Home security system – Milk or other food product – An online dating service 10 minutes – GO.

16. Logging in to NC Write: To log in: Go to www.ncwrite.comwww.ncwrite.com – Login: This is your student ID #. Ask me if you don’t know it – Password: Your 8 digit birthdate. For example, January 1, 1990 would be: 01011990 – Select the “Practice” link at the top Select “First Nations Research Paper” from the drop down menu. – Explore the “pre-writing” options to see if they are helpful to you in planning your essay; you may instead use the outline organizer I have provided Click: “begin writing” once you are ready to start. BEGIN WRITING – Use at least five documents to support your argument – After you submit your second draft, the program will suggest corrections to spelling and grammar.

17. Research Paper: Work Time  I’ve submitted my Up Heartbreak Hill questions.  Develop a research question focused on Native American life and culture today.  identify and review sources (including a primary source)  develop annotated bibliography (use APA format)  prewrite – Possible research topics include: The role of casino’s on reservations Poverty rates on reservations The Idle No More Movement (google it!!) Cosmological tension between native-american and western beliefs about the relationship between people and the land Debates regarding the use of offensive images and/or nicknames by sports teams