1. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diversity Amid Globalization 6th Edition Chapter 10 Lecture Central Asia Sandra Zupan University of Kentucky

2. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Explain how the key environmental differences among Central Asia’s desert areas, its mountain and plateau zone, and its steppe (grassland) belt influence human settlement and economic development. Identify the main reasons for the disappearance of the Aral Sea and outline the economic and environmental consequences of the loss of this once-massive lake. Learning Objectives

3. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize the reasons water resources are of such great importance in Central Asia and describe the ways in which people are responding to water shortages. Explain why Central Asia’s population is so unevenly distributed, with some areas densely settled and others essentially uninhabited. Describe the differences between Central Asia’s historical cities and those that have been established within the past 100 years. Learning Objectives (Continued)

4. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Outline the ways in which religion divides Central Asia and describe how religious diversity has influenced the history of the region. Identify distinct ways in which cultural globalization has impacted different parts of Central Asia and explain why cultural globalization is controversial in much of the region. Describe the geopolitical roles played in Central Asia by Russia, China, and the United States and explain why the region has been the site of pronounced geopolitical tension over the past several decades. Learning Objectives (Continued)

5. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe the ways in which ethnic conflict has contributed to instability in Afghanistan and assess the potential of ethnic tension to destabilize the rest of the region. Explain the role of oil and natural gas production in generating extremely uneven levels of economic and social development across Central Asia. Learning Objectives (Continued)

6. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Steppes Desertification Salinization Desiccation Pastoralists Transhumance Loess Alluvial fans Exotic river Silk Road Taliban Dalai Lama Theocracy Exclave Shanghai Cooperation Organization Key Concepts

7. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Landlocked, in the center of the Eurasian continent –Reemerged as a region after the breakup of the Soviet Union, unified by history, environmental circumstances, and global geopolitics –Five newly independent republics, three additional controversial territories, plus the autonomous regions of western China Setting the Boundaries

8. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Central Asia West: Arid plains and basins East: Mountain ranges and plateaus

9. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Steppes Central Asian highlands –PlainsHimalayas –Tibetan Plateau and basins –Deserts –Large rivers Physical Landscapes Tibetan Plateau

10. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Genetically diverse and robust apple varieties Legal protection Development threats Apple Forests in Kazakhstan Wild Apple Forest

11. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Dry region Profound seasonal temperature differences Climate

12. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental Challenges Desertification Salinization Desiccation Deforestation Oil Pollution

13. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Farming districts and dams Economic, cultural, and environmental destruction The Shrinking Aral Sea

14. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Desertification and Climate Change Dust Storm in the Gobi DesertShrinking Glacier in Tibet

15. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Oil and Gas Pipelines Rich Energy Deposits

16. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Sparsely populated Population clusters Population and Settlement

17. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Highlands –Pastoralists –Transhumance Lowlands –Alluvial fans –Loess –Exotic rivers –Pastoralism Pastoralism and Subsistence Steppe Pastoralism in Mongolia

18. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Patterns: Tarim Basin

19. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Growth Versus Stability AfghanistanAzerbaijan

20. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Stark regional variations in urbanization Urbanization in Central Asia

21. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cityscapes: Old and New Patterns Traditional Architecture Urban Boom in Kabul

22. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cultural Coherence and Diversity Complex cultural and historical geographies Pastoral peoples transformed Eurasia. The Silk Road Complex linguistic patterns and changes

23. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Mongol Empire

24. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Linguistic Diversity

25. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

26. Different interpretations across the region Post-1980s revival Taliban Islam in Central Asia Islamic Mosque

27. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Tibetan Buddhism Dalai Lama Theocracy Tibet: Severe persecution Mongolia: Revival Tibetan Buddhist Monastery

28. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Influences in Baku Region’s Culture in International Context Traditional Mongolian Sports

29. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Independence China’s influence Tensions in Afghanistan Geopolitical Issues in Central Asia

30. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Contested Space: Exclaves

31. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnic Tensions Conflict Between Kyrgyz and Uzbek People Uyghurs Against Han Chinese

32. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Soviet involvement Taliban Post-9/11 war Exit strategy since 2012 War in Afghanistan U.S. Troops in Afghanistan

33. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Relations with China and Russia Russia’s Space-Launch Facility Shanghai Cooperation Organization –China –Russia –Kazakhstan –Kyrgyzstan –Tajikistan –Uzbekistan

34. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Low economic and social development rankings Development Indicators

35. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Post-Communist Economies Cotton Growing Hydroelectricity

36. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Regional and Global Connections China–Tibet Railway Eurasian Pipeline

37. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Contrasts Across the Region Social Development in Central Asia

38. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Low literacy rates Constrained lives Forced marriages and violence “Bride kidnapping” Social Conditions and Gender Afghan Women in Politics