1. Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时

2. Ali learned English. He came to England. Ali had learned English before he came to England. 现在 过去过去 过去的过去

3. Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时 Had + 过去分词

4. 一、表示在过去某一时间或以前已经完成了的动 作或状态。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作 之前，常用此时态。 1. By yesterday evening she had finished reading the book. 到昨天晚上， 她已读完了那本书。 2. By the end of last year, they had built many new houses. 去年年底之前， 他们已建了很多新房子。 3. He said that he had seen you. 他说他以前见过你。 4. When I came in he had finished his homework. 当我进来时， 他已完成了作业。

5. 二、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直 持续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去 的动作。. 1.By the end of last month, I had lived in Beijing for 8 years. 到上月底， 我已在北京住了八年了。 2.When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我去上海时， 他在那里已呆了很长时间了。

6. 三、叙述过去发生的事，在已叙述了发生的事 后，反过来追述，补述更早发生的事。 I arrived late; I ______________ the road to be so icy.( not expect) 四、表示过去未曾实现的愿望，打算，意图。 I ________ to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. （ intend ) hadn’t expected had intended

7. 句型： 1. 过去完成时 + + 一般过去时 Before When By the time 1 ） She had waited for two hours before she heard her name called. 2 ） He had just left by the back door when the policemen broke down the front door and got into the house.

8. 3)Laura had learnt everything about the affair by the time her husband gathered enough courage to tell her about it.

9. 一般过去时 +after + 过去完成时 The policemen broke down the front door and got into the house after he had just left by the back door. She heard her name called after he had waited for two hours.

10. Subject+ had +PP + 过去时间点 1)Einstein had gained world fame by 1914. 2) By Up to till

11. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere. ( see ) The pen I thought I ______ （ lose ） is on my desk, right under my nose. 以动词的正确形式填空。

12. 1.When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _______ her before. A.Never sawB. had never seen c. Never seesD. has never seen 2.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _____ her somewhere. A.SawB. has seen C. SeesD. had seen B D

13. 3.—Geoge and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I ____ Did they have a big wedding? A.Was not invitedB. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invitedD. didn’t invite 4.The new suspension bridge _______ by the end of last month. A.Has been designedB. had been designed C. Was designedD. would be designed C B

14. One evening, Mr Green was driving in his car along a lonely country road. He ( be ) to London where he ( draw) $50 from the bank, and he was now returning home with the money which he ( put ) in his pocket book.at the loneliest part of the road a man in shabby, badly-fitting clothes stopped him and ask for a lift. Mr.Green told him to get into the car and continued on his way

15. As he talked to the man he learned that he ( be) in prison for robbery and ( break out) of prison two days ago. Mr, Green was very worried at the thought of the $50 that he ( put )in his pocket.suddenly he saw a police car and had a bright idea. He just ( reach) a small town where the speed limit was 30miles an hour. He pressed down the accelerator and drove the car as fast as it would go. He looked back and saw

16. That the police car ( see ) him and begin to chase him.after a mile or so the police –car overtook him and ordered him to stop. A policeman got out and came to Mr Green’s car. Mr. Green ( hope ) that he could tell the policeman about the escaped robber, but the man ( take ) a gun out of his pocket and ( put )it to Mr. Green’s back. The policeman took out his notebook and pencil and he wanted Mr.Green’s

17. Name and address. Mr. Green asked to be taken to the police station but the policeman said,”No, I want your name and address now. you will have to appear at the police court later.”so, Mr Green gave the policeman his name and address. The policeman wrote it down, put his pocket book and pencil back in his pocket and gave Mr.Green a talk about dangerous driving. Then Mr.Greens started up his car again and drove on. He ( give up ) all hope of his $50,but just as

18. He reached to the outskirts of London, the passenger said he wanted to get out here. Mr.green stopped the car; the man got out and said:”Thanks for the list. You’ve been good to me, this is the least I can do in return.” and he handed Mr. Green the policeman ‘s notebook. While the policeman ( talk ) to Mr. Green, the thief ( steal ) the notebook

19. Composition: Your friends came to your house to celebrate your birthday party yesterday. What had you done for the party before that?

20. No sooner hardly scarcely No sooner had she got home than she had to start on another journey. Hardly had he got into the bath tub when there came a knock on the door. +had+S+ pp than when/before +S+ 一般 过去时