1. Chapter 19.3 Social Impact of The Industrial Revolution

2. Focus Q What was the point of view of both writers on the yellow viewpoints assignment that you did yesterday?

3. Focus Q: March 7 How many hours, days is the standard work week? What benefits do you want your job to provide, besides health insurance? What are poor working conditions? When is the last time you heard of someone dying on the job? Any reaction in the news?

4. Was the Industrial revolution good or bad? Good Bad -----------------------------------/------------------------------------

5. What you’ll learn….. 1.Cities grow, living conditions are nasty. 2.New social class—industrial middle class. 3.Working conditions were poor 4.Unions were weak  No sick days, vacations, insurance, workman’s comp, minimum wage

6. Why is this important? 1.Much wealth is created and eventually workers will prosper. (1900s) 2.Industry is required to be a world power. 3.Eventually, people will demand Unions to get better wages, working conditions. End to child labor Environmental protections

7. Not Pretty, at first…..but…. **a long term result of the Industrial Rev. is the standard of living increased** 1.Many reforms needed to get to that point

8. Industrial Staffordshire

9. Not Pretty, at first….. 1.The Ind. Rev. brought great wealth to businessmen 2.For millions of factory workers it brought poverty and harsh living conditions No public water supply, no sewers, Dangerous working conditions Unsafe, unsanitary, and crowded housing

10. No sewers, garbagemen…… …..so where does the trash and sewage go? Into the gutter Into the river

11. Reality check What was a long term result of the industrial revolution? Higher standard of living

12. × Rigid schedule. × 12-16 hour day. × Dangerous conditions. × Mind-numbing monotony. The Factory System

13. **urbanization: growth of cities** 1.People move to cities b/c  Changes in farming—technology  Population growth  Demand for workers People Move to Industrial Cities

14. 1.Manchester  1750s—17,000 people  1801—70,000 2.Visitors described  Cloud of coal vapor in the air  Noise of steam engines  Stench of the river

15. Problems of Pollution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

16. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

17. New Social Classes Emerge 1.Middle class (bourgeoisie) Own and operate factories, mines, RR’s Lifestyle is much different than the working class

18. The Industrial Middle Class 1.Are the entrepreneurs who start the Ind. Rev.—benefit most from it 2.Come from a variety of backgrounds Merchants who invest in factories Inventors or skilled artisans Some rags to riches (rare)

19. The Industrial Middle Class 1.Live in well furnished, large homes on paved streets w/ clean water supply 2.Wear fancy clothing 3.Pride themselves in hard work and “getting ahead” 4.Only a few have sympathy for the poor 5.Women raise kids, take care of house  Wealthy have nursemaids, poor women work

20. Cult of Domesticity

21. The Industrial Working Class **working class live in **tenements: multi- story buildings, divided into apartments** 1.No running water, community pumps 2.Poor light, ventilation 3.No sewers—waste/garbage dumped in street or river 4.Rivers smelled—drinking water fouled 5.Diseases—cholera

22. Futile Workers Protests 1.Unions were illegal and workers had no political power—but they protested Low wages, labor saving machines 2.1811-13 Luddites get violent Smash machines w/ sledgehammers, burn factories, often at night Had widespread support among working class

23. The Luddites: 1811-1816 Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest] Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

24. The Luddite Triangle

25. The New Industrial City

26. Worker Housing in Manchester

27. Workers Housing in Newcastle Today Workers Housing in Newcastle Today

28. 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914

29. Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

30. Check for Understanding What were tenements? Who lived there? Multi-story buildings, divided into apartments Working class

31. Life in Factories and Mines 1.The pace of industrial life was much different than rural life 2.Why?

32. Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions 1.In rural villages work was hard, but varied w/ the seasons and the sun 2.Pace was determined by what had to be done 3.In factories, machines determined the pace and your schedule was set by the whistle

33. Factory Workers: working conditions 1.Work 12-16 hrs, 6-7 days a week 2.Breaks only when given permission 3.Tired worker get hurt on machines w/ no safety devices—lose fingers, arms, lives 4.Textile workers breath lint: white lung 5.If you get sick or injured you lose your job

34. Factory Workers: women **Majority of early factory workers were women.  **Got paid half of men’s salary**  Adapt more easily to machines  Easier to manage 1.Women get the double whammy—long hours at work, then taking care of home and kids

35. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d. S = shillings D = penny 12 d = 1s Trends?

36. Textile Factory Workers in England

37. Reality check Who were the majority of the first factory workers? Why? Women, got paid half of men’s wages

38. Miners Have Worst Conditions 1.Ind. Rev. increases demand for coal, iron, and therefore miners 2.Miners paid more, but w/ a cost 3.Breath coal dust—black lung (any lung disease caused from breathing coal dust) 4.Cave ins, explosions, floods, falls, gas 5.Men, women, kids work in mines

39. Coalfields & Industrial Areas Coalfields & Industrial Areas

40. Young Coal Miners

41. Kids Have Dangerous Jobs Factories 1.Age 7 or 8, some as young as 5 2.Nimble fingered and small—could get hands where adults couldn’t reach, get under machines 3.Kids get hurt more than adults They play, not mentally or physically as strong

43. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

44. Kids Have Dangerous Jobs 1.Mines—worse for kids Sit in the dark all day opening air vents Haul coal carts in extreme heat 2.Kids worked on the farm—so parents accept child labor 3.Kids wages were needed for family to eat

45. Child Labor in the Mines Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

46. Child Labor Reforms 1.**child labor laws called “factory acts” were passed in the early 1800s** Reduce work day to 12 hour No kids under 8/9 in cotton mills 2.Laws mostly not enforced 3.1830s, 40s inspectors in factories 4.Later, laws limit women’s work days and kids have to go to school

47. Results of Industrialization blessing or curse? 1.At 1 st terrible hardships 2.Eventually, labor unions get better wages, hours, working conditions 3.Working class get right to vote, have some political power 4.Demand for factory goods rises—more jobs— 5.Wages rise—more opportunities

48. 19.3 creative side List at least 4 benefits and 4 challenges/problems of the Industrial Revolution. Write a letter to the editor describing 1 deadly incident.

49. 19.3 creative side You are starting a union in England. Draw a coat of arms that will be your symbol of unity for industrial workers. – Include 4 pictures/symbols on your coat of arms.

51. 19.3 creative side Create a Coat of Arms for a factory owner or a workers union. Draw and label at least 4 images that represent important values for you. Don’t forget your slogan at the bottom values slogan