1. EOC Writing/Research Standards W5 W7 W8

2. Writing Process  What steps would you take to write a research paper? Plan Outline Write Edit Revise POWER will help you remember the steps

3. Step 1: Planning  Choosing a topic  Brainstorming will help you narrow your research topic into something interesting and manageable.

4. Brainstorming  Imagine that you are writing a research paper about cell phones.  What are some of the topics you might consider? Apps/GamesSmartphones TextingDangers of cell phones Iphone vs AndroidHistory of cell phones

5. What makes a good topic?  A good research topic interests you and is easily researched.  A broad topic will leave you overwhelmed with information.  A narrow topic will not have enough information.

6. Too Broad  Smartphones  Iphone  Android  Apps  Games  Etc. You could write an entire book on this!

7. Too Narrow  The colors available in the iPhone 6 There is very little to be said about this.

8. Just Right  The dangers of using cell phones while driving Books and articles are readily available on the topic, but there is not so much information that you will be overwhelmed.

9. Look back at your topic  Is it too broad?  Too narrow?  How would you change it to make it better?

10. Your Task  On your handout, there are 5 potential research paper topics.  Label each topic as too broad, too narrow, or just right.  Explain your reasoning.

11. 1  History of the Ferris wheel This is just right because there is enough information for a paper but not so much that it would be overwhelming.

12. 2  The gear mechanisms of a roller coaster This is too narrow because it will be difficult to find information on this topic. You could change this topic to broaden it by choosing a less specific detail about roller coasters like origins or dangers.

13. 3  Dogs This topic is too broad because you would be overwhelmed with information about breeds, training, food, exercise, vet visits, etc. You could narrow this topic by choosing a specific breed or one of the different subtopics listed above.

14. 4  Acceptable coat colors of Abyssinian cats This topic is too narrow because it would not provide enough information for a paper. You could broaden this topic to include more information about Abyssinian cats with color as one subtopic in your paper.

15. 5  Reality television This topic is too broad because it would provide too much information. You could narrow this topic to one specific type of reality show such as talent competitions, or you could focus on the benefits of reality television.

16. Step 2: Outlining  After you choose an appropriate topic, you need to research it and take some notes.  Choose information that is relevant to your topic to include in your paper.  Then use your notes to create an outline that organizes your paper.

17. Relevant vs Irrelevant  Relevant information is important and related to the topic at hand.  Irrelevant information is NOT directly related to the topic, and it is NOT important to the topic. In our example the topic at hand is the dangers of using cell phones while driving.

18. Relevant vs Irrelevant  Look at the outline on your handout  Use it to determine whether the following facts are relevant or irrelevant to your topic.

19. 1.  Dr. Martin Cooper is the person credited with both inventing the modern cell phone as well as making the first cell phone call in New York City, New York in April 1973.inventing the modern cell phone

20. 2.  A number of bills to regulate use of cell phones on the road have been introduced in state legislatures.

21. 3.  Frances Bents, an expert on the relation between cell phones and accidents, estimates that between 450 and 1,000 crashes a year have some connection to cell phone use.

22. 4.  Data pulled between July and December of 2010 by Appsfire indicates that iPhone users use apps for a median of 84 minutes per day.Appsfire

23. 5.  Laws on traffic safety vary from state to state, and drivers distracted by cell phones can get off with light punishment even when they cause fatal accidents.

24. Step 3: Writing  Compile your notes together to create a rough draft based on your outline.  Avoid using any irrelevant information.

25. Step 4: Editing and Revising  Once you have compiled your notes into a draft, it is time to revise and edit.

26. Editing and Revising Tips  Remove any information that does not support your thesis  Vary sentence structure- use simple, compound, complex, and compound- complex sentences  Add transitions  Correct spelling and grammatical mistakes

27. Your Task  Revise and edit the sample paragraph on your handout.  Rewrite the paragraph and correct any errors.

28. Suggestions  Combine sentences 2 and 3.  Combine sentences 8 and 9.  Omit any irrelevant information.  Correct any spelling mistakes.  Correct any mistakes in capitalization or punctuation.

29. Image Sources  http://www.businessillustrator.com/visual- content-marketing/why-it-makes-sense- to-communicate-your-message-visually/ http://www.businessillustrator.com/visual- content-marketing/why-it-makes-sense- to-communicate-your-message-visually/  http://www.vagabondish.com/how-why- do-you-travel/ http://www.vagabondish.com/how-why- do-you-travel/  http://www.mamalette.com/featured/pa rents-use-cellphones-driving-put-children- risk/ http://www.mamalette.com/featured/pa rents-use-cellphones-driving-put-children- risk/

30. Cell Phone Facts Sources  http://www.tech-faq.com/who-invented- the-cell-phone.html  http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2 401122,00.asp http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2 401122,00.asp  http://www.dianahacker.com/pdfs/hack er-Daly-MLA.pdf