2. Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4

3. Three Social Classes Arise  Upper class - now includes the very rich businessmen not just nobles  Middle class - doctors, mid- level businessmen, & scientist  Lower class - workers and peasants  Upper class - now includes the very rich businessmen not just nobles  Middle class - doctors, mid- level businessmen, & scientist  Lower class - workers and peasants

4. Women Work for Rights  Women’s groups supported the temperance movement (banning the use of alcohol)  Women didn’t have the right to vote though  Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Sojourner Truth fought for women’s suffrage (the right to vote)  Women’s groups supported the temperance movement (banning the use of alcohol)  Women didn’t have the right to vote though  Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Sojourner Truth fought for women’s suffrage (the right to vote)

5.  Sojourner Truth  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Sojourner Truth  Elizabeth Cady Stanton

6. Growth of Public Education  Late 1800s basic education is required for all kids  At first most elementary teachers were not well trained  Normal Schools were set-up to train teachers  Universities begin to expand to allow women  Late 1800s basic education is required for all kids  At first most elementary teachers were not well trained  Normal Schools were set-up to train teachers  Universities begin to expand to allow women

7. Science Takes New Direction  John Dalton - figured out that all matter is made up of atoms

8. Science Takes New Direction  Charles Darwin - British naturalist  Wrote On the Origin of Species  Believed that beings evolved based on their environment  Only “fittest” survive  Charles Darwin - British naturalist  Wrote On the Origin of Species  Believed that beings evolved based on their environment  Only “fittest” survive

9. Science Takes New Direction  In 1831, Darwin took a 5-year voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle to study plants and animals. Darwin cataloged many new animals.

10. HMS Beagle

11. Science Takes New Direction  Darwin’s greatest discoveries were made at the Galapagos Islands

21. Social Darwinism & Racism  Some people applied Darwin’s idea of the “survival of the fittest” to society  Social Darwinism - the more “fit” people or countries would win in war and economic competition  This idea led many Europeans and Americans to believe that since their countries were stronger the white race must be as well  Some people applied Darwin’s idea of the “survival of the fittest” to society  Social Darwinism - the more “fit” people or countries would win in war and economic competition  This idea led many Europeans and Americans to believe that since their countries were stronger the white race must be as well

22. Romanticism  Artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion  Artist and writers glorified nature  Artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion  Artist and writers glorified nature

23. Romanticism Writers  Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - wrote the poem Faust

24. Romanticism Writers  Charlotte Bronte - wrote the novel Jane Eyre

25. Romanticism Writers  Victor Hugo - wrote the novels Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame

26. Romanticism Writers  Alexandre Dumas - wrote the novels The Three Musketeers & The Count of Monte Cristo

27. Romantic Composers  Ludwig van Beethoven - German composer  Was first composer to take advantage of the broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra  Ludwig van Beethoven - German composer  Was first composer to take advantage of the broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra

28. Romantic Composers  Wrote 9 symphonies, five piano concertos, a violin concerto, an opera, two masses, and a dozen shorter pieces

29. Visual Arts  1840s a new art form emerges, Photography  At first most photos were posed portraits  In time the camera was used to present grim realities  Mathew B. Brady - took pictures of Civil War battlefields  1840s a new art form emerges, Photography  At first most photos were posed portraits  In time the camera was used to present grim realities  Mathew B. Brady - took pictures of Civil War battlefields

34. The Impressionists  An artistic movement in which the painter tried to capture the first impression a scene or object makes on the eye  The most well known Claude Monet, concentrated on visual impressions rather than realism  An artistic movement in which the painter tried to capture the first impression a scene or object makes on the eye  The most well known Claude Monet, concentrated on visual impressions rather than realism

38. Postimpressionists  Two postimpressionist are very well known  Paul Gauguin  Vincent Van Gogh  Two postimpressionist are very well known  Paul Gauguin  Vincent Van Gogh

39. Paul Gauguin  Bold personal style  In his painting people look flat  Dark colors, and black outlining of shape create intense feelings  Bold personal style  In his painting people look flat  Dark colors, and black outlining of shape create intense feelings

42. Vincent Van Gogh  Sharp brush lines and bright colors  His painting had a dream like quality  Cut off his own ear when he was depressed  Eventually commits suicide  Sharp brush lines and bright colors  His painting had a dream like quality  Cut off his own ear when he was depressed  Eventually commits suicide