2. Addressing the Criminogenic needs of Offenders in Re-entry Presented by: Kenneth L. Osborne

3. Training overview Discuss proper assessment of criminogenic needs Articulate what is meant by the term “WAR” cycle Examine the concept of Restorative Justice Discuss and utilize strategies to address intergenerational dysfunction

4. Training Expectations & Contributions Select a partner and discuss three thing you expect to get out of this training and three things you can contribute to the success of it.

5. Some Common Problems with Offender Assessment Assess offenders but process ignores important factors Assess offenders but don’t distinguish levels (high,moderate, low) Assess offenders then don’t use it – everyone gets the same treatment

6. Some Common Problems with Offender Assessment Make errors and don’t correct Don’t assess offenders at all Do not adequately train staff in use or interpretation Assessment instruments are not validated or normed

7. MASTER ASSESSMENT PLAN Thoughts and beliefs about offender’s childhood and youth Alcohol and other drug use and abuse thinking beliefs and behaviors Criminal and antisocial thinking and conduct

8. MASTER ASSESSMENT PLAN Current life situation problems [employment, living stability, relationships, marital and family, health and handling incarceration] Core beliefs that lead to AOD abuse and problems Core beliefs that lead to antisocial and CC thinking and conduct

9. 8 Behavior Cognitive Structure Risk Control: External focus Punishments Consequences Skills: Firm, Fair, Consistent Risk Reduction : Internal focus Dynamic Risk Factors Anti-social attitudes and beliefs Skills: Effective communication skills Reflective listening Elicit self motivating statements Roll with resistance

10. Criminogenic Needs Criminogenic Anti social attitudes Anti social friends Substance abuse Lack of empathy Impulsive behavior Non-Criminogenic Anxiety Low self esteem Creative abilities Medical needs Physical conditioning

11. 10 Key Motivational Tasks for Each Stage of Change Precontemplation: Increase awareness of continuing high risk behaviorContemplation: Resolve ambivalence to choose change over status quoPreparation: Identify change strategies and choose the best one(s)Action: Carry out change strategies with new behavior Stick With It (Maintenance): Develop/strengthen skills to maintain new lifestyle If lapse occurs, recover and re-enter change process

12. 11 Processes of Change Adapted from Changing for Good by James Prochaska, Ph.D., John Norcross, Ph.D., and Carlo DiClemente, Ph.D.

13. Pre-Contemplation Offender Characteristics –You’re the one with the problem-not me –I like the way I am –I’m only here because I had a Public Defender 12

14. Contemplation I really don’t think it’s that big of a deal! Yeah, but to give that up it means giving up… Well I never thought about it quite like that Changing that will be hard I guess my best thinking got me here 13

15. Pennsylvania Parole Study Recently found a number of criminogenic factors related to failure Violators Were: More likely to hang around with individuals with criminal backgrounds Less likely to live with a spouse Less likely to be in a stable supportive relationship Less likely to identify someone in their life who served in a mentoring capacity

16. Pennsylvania Parole Study Alcohol or Drug Use Violators were: More likely to report use of alcohol or drugs while on parole (but no difference in prior assessment of dependency problem) Poor management of stress was a primary contributing factor to relapse

17. Pennsylvania Parole Study Employment & Financial Situation Violators were: Only slightly more likely to report having difficulty getting a job Less likely to have job stability Less likely to be satisfied with employment Less likely to take low end jobs and work up

18. Pennsylvania Parole Study Employment & Financial Situation Violators were More likely to have negative attitudes toward employment & unrealistic job expectations Less likely to have a bank account More likely to report that they were “barely making it” (yet success group reported over double median debt)

19. Pennsylvania Parole Study Life on Parole Violators were: Had unrealistic expectations about what life would be like outside of prison Had poor problem solving or coping skills Did not anticipate long term consequences of behavior Failed to utilize resources to help themselves

20. Pennsylvania Parole Study Life on Parole Violators were: Acted impulsively to immediate situations Felt they were not in control More likely to maintain anti-social attitudes – Viewed violations as an acceptable option to situation – Maintained general lack of empathy – Shifted blame or denied responsibility

21. Pennsylvania Parole Violator Study: Successes and failures did not differ in difficulty in finding a place to live after release Successes & failures equally likely to report eventually obtaining a job

22. { World of Abnormal Rearing } Deprivation Survival Dependency Needs

23. Understanding The W.A.R. Cycle world of abnormal rearing {}

24. { Core Healthy Family Themes } Nurturance & Trust

25. { Core Healthy Family Themes } Nurturance & Trust Expectations & Control

26. { Core Healthy Family Themes } Nurturance & Trust Expectations & ControlRelationships & Self Esteem

27. { Core Healthy Family Themes } Nurturance & TrustSupport Expectations & ControlRelationships & Self Esteem

28. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception

29. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy

30. Reasons for Having Children Planned/Unplanned {}

31. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations

32. Safety is a learned behavior {}

33. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal

34. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance

35. Must teach new survival skills Must teach new survival skills {}

36. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation

37. “Adults are unpredictable people.” “Adults are unpredictable people.” “People turn on you.” “Trust only myself”

38. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned

39. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned I’m No Good

40. Relationships damaged Relationships damaged {} Relationships are about dependency & using each other Relationships are about dependency & using each other { }

41. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned I’m No Good Selection of Friends

42. Social support deficit Social support deficit { } Choosing relationships with people who have “like” problems Choosing relationships with people who have “like” problems {}

43. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned I’m No Good Selection of Friends Select Partner

44. { Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Wanted/ Unwanted Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned I’m No Good Selection of Friends Select Partner Relationship Fails

45. { Themes & Stages of the WAR Cycle } Conception Pregnancy Unrealistic Expectations Role Reversal Compliance Isolation Trust Not Learned I’m No Good Selection of Friends Select Partner Relationship Fails Nurturance & Trust Support Expectations & Control Relationships & Self Esteem

46. 45 Tenants for Change: Steps and Stages of Change Pre-contemplation Becoming skilled at thinking about your thinking Contemplation Seeing the risk for self and others Determination Finding new thoughts and beliefs Action Maintenance Practice until it becomes a habit

47. Interventions to Break the Cycle {}

48. The three goals of re-entry Restorative justice Relationships Responsibilities

49. RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Many feel that the process of justice deepens societal wounds and conflicts rather than contributing to healing or peace Restorative justice provides an alternative framework for thinking about wrongdoing

50. RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IS… Restorative justice is a compass Restorative justice is concerned about needs and roles The restorative justice movement originally began as an effort to rethink the needs which crimes create, as well as the roles implicit in the crimes themselves

51. WHAT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IS NOT…. Restorative justice is not primarily about forgiveness or reconciliation Restorative justice is not about mediation Restorative justice is not primarily designed to reduce recidivism or repeating offenses Restorative justice is not a particular program or a blueprint

52. WHY RESTORATIVE JUSTICE? Victims, offenders, and community members often feel that justice does not adequately meet their needs Justice professionals- judges, lawyers, prosecutors, probation and parole agents, prison staff-frequently express a sense of frustration as well

53. WHAT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IS NOT…. Restorative justice is not primarily intended for comparatively minor offenses or for first time offenders Restorative justice is not a new or North American development Restorative justice is neither a panacea nor necessarily a replacement for the legal system Restorative justice is not necessarily an alternative to prison Restorative justice is not necessarily the opposite of retribution

54. RESTORATIVE PRINCIPLES The problem of crime is that it represents a wound in the community, a tear in the web of relationships Crime represents damaged relationships Making amends for wrongdoing is an obligation The view of wrongdoing implies a concern for healing of those involved-victims, but also offenders and communities

55. RESTORATIVE PRINCIPLES 1.Focus on the harms and consequent needs of the victims, as well as the communities’ and the offenders’; 2.Address the obligations that result from those harms (the obligations of the offenders, as well as the communities’ and society’s); 3.Use inclusive, collaborative processes; 4.Involve those with a legitimate stake in the situation, including victims, offenders, community members, and society; 5.Seek to put right the wrongs

56. TWO DIFFERENT VIEWS CRIMINAL JUSTICE –Crime is a violation of the law and the state –Violations create guilt –Justice requires the state to determine guilt and impose punishment –Central focus: offenders getting what they deserve RESTORATIVE JUSTICE –Crime is a violation of people and relationships –Violations create obligations –Justice involves victims, offenders, and community members in an effort to put things right –Central focus: victim needs and offender responsibility for repairing harm

57. THREE DIFFERENT QUESTIONS CRIMINAL JUSTICE –What laws have been broken? –Who did it? –What do they deserve? RESTORATIVE JUSTICE –Who has been hurt? –What are their needs? –Whose obligations are these?

58. RESTORATIVE CONTINUUM Six key questions can help identify both the effectiveness and the extent of restorative justice models for particular situations 1.Does the model address harms, needs, and causes? 2.Is it adequately victim oriented? 3.Are offenders encouraged to take responsibility? 4.Are all relevant stakeholders involved? 5.Is there an opportunity for dialogue and participatory decision-making? 6.Is the model respectful of all parties?

59. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Crime is fundamentally a violation of people and relationships –Victims and the community have been harmed and are in need of restoration –Victims, offenders, and the affected communities are key stakeholders in justice

60. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Violations create obligations and liabilities –Offenders’ obligations are to make things right as much as possible –The community’s obligations are to victims and to offenders and for the general welfare of its members

61. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Restorative justice seeks to heal and put right the wrongs –The needs of victims for information, validation, vindication, restitution, testimony, safety, and support are the starting points of justice –The process of justice maximizes opportunities for exchange of information, participation, dialogue, and mutual consent between victim and offender –Offenders’ needs and competencies are addressed –The justice process belongs to the community –Justice is mindful of the outcomes, intended and unintended, of its responses to crime and victimization

62. { Assess/Deprivation Needs } Abuse History Resiliency Factors

63. { Understand Role Reversal } Facilitate Predictability Address childhood play through safe social activities

64. Facilitate movement from compliance to internalization through gradual reduction of structure and insight work { }

65. Create a treatment culture that promotes “Mistakes as wonderful opportunities to learn.”

66. Establish a therapeutic alliance to build and facilitate trust transfer { }

67. Teach social network mapping and assist clients with building a social support network { }

68. THINKING REPORT Events THOUGHTS ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS FEELINGS OUTCOME

70. SIX RULES THAT GUIDE CHANGE Your thoughts, attitudes and beliefs control your emotions, actions and behaviors We resist changing our thinking, attitudes and beliefs We have mixed thoughts and go back and forth about change

71. SIX RULES THAT GUIDE CHANGE We choose the thoughts that determine our feelings and actions We go through steps or stages when we make change Think and act in terms of your best interest and the long-term look