1. Towards Peer-to-Peer Semantic Web: A Distributed Environment for Sharing Semantic Knowledge on the Web Madhan Arumugam, Amit Sheth, and I. Budak Arpinar

2. InfoQuilt Developed at the LSDIS (Large Scale Distributed) Lab Provide:  formulating complex information requests  support a form of knowledge discovery Develop a distributed and collaborative Semantic Web platform

3. PSW (Peer-to-Peer) DAML+OIL P2P Two important problems 1. what knowledge to share, in other words semantic search of relevant ontologies 2. how to share independently created and maintained ontologies

4. Related Work Knowledge sharing focuses on:  development of a multi-ontology environment  integration or interoperation of these ontologies Interoperation is superior to the integration PSW  A proper set of ontologies are automatically located and relevant inter-ontological relationships are introduced

5. Knowledge Discovery in InfoQuilt InfoQuilt system includes: a. language and tools to specify IScapes (i.e., semantic information requests) b. tools and algorithms to perform what-if analyses to search the information space of semantically related data IScapes can understand user’s request by embedding semantic information “Find all earthquakes with epicenter in a 5000 miles radius of the location at latitude 60.790 North and longitude 97.570 East and find all tsunamis that they might have caused.”

6. Semantic Knowledge Sharing in InfoQuilt InfoQuilt’s Peer-to-Peer Semantic Network Knowledge Space Construction and Navigation in InfoQuilt Ontology Registration

7. InfoQuilt’s Peer-to-Peer Semantic Network Client registers itself to a directory or directories, and searches the directory for peers providing semantically relevant information and services IScape Builder:semantically identified and retrieved from the P2P Knowledge Sharing network

8. InfoQuilt’s P2P Knowledge Sharing Network

9. Architecture of an InfoQuilt Peer

10. Knowledge Space Construction and Navigation in InfoQuilt In creation of the knowledge space the following steps are involved: 1. Retrieve every RDF triple (subject, predicate, and object) from each source ontology 2. For every assertion of a fact or a definition made in the ontology, recursively trace its link to the most general class of the knowledge space 3. Repeat 1 and 2 untill all the ontologies are hooked into the knowledge space knowledge space navigation, we can start with the KObject Thing and then traverse through the Links in the KObject (subject, object)

11. Ontology Registration When a peer decides to share an ontology in the global knowledge space, s/he has to upload the ontology into the PSW A peer decides to remove or deregister his ontology, all the definitions and the assertions that refer to these definitions become invalid in the knowledge space

12. Semantic Search “Find all earthquakes with epicenter in a 5000 mile radius of the location at latitude 60.790 North and longitude 97.570 East and find all tsunamis that they might have caused.” KeywordOntologies Earthquakeearthquake.daml, damage.daml latitude, longitude, locationlocation.daml, weather.daml, earthquake.daml Epicenter, radiusearthquake.daml, circle.daml Tsunamitsunami.daml

13. Example of Semantic Search and Exploration of Inter-Ontological Relationships