1. Land and Poverty Conference 2016 Scaling up Responsible Land Governance 14-18 March, 2016 | Washington, DC STEVE OUMA: PAMOJA TRUST, KENYA Steve Ouma 1, Lutwama Muhammed 2, Susana Rojas 3, Rahael Borchers 3, Ruby Papeleras Haddad 4, Cyprian Selebalo 5, John Gitau 5, Danilo Antonio 5, Rhea Lyn Dealca 5 1 Pamoja Trust, 2 ACTogether Uganda, 3 Habitat for Humanity International, 4 LinkBuild, 5 UN- Habitat/GLTN COMMUNITY-GENERATED LAND INFORMATION INFLUENCING UPGRADING PROGRAMS AND STRATEGIES IN COLOMBIA, KENYA, PHILIPPINES AND UGANDA: EVIDENCES WHERE THE TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES MEET

2. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME I.Introduction II.Participatory Enumeration, Mapping and STDM III.Practical Applications and Country Experiences (Colombia, Kenya, Philippines, Uganda) - Where Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Meet IV.Challenges and Opportunities V.Conclusion CONTENT

3. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME LAND CHALLENGES INTRODUCTION Urbanization 54% of the world’s population residing in urban areas in 2014 By 2050, population growth and urbanization are projected to add 2.5 billion people to the world’s urban population, with 90% of urban population growth taking place in Asia and Africa (WUD, 2014). Prevalence of Slums and Informal Settlements in Urban Areas Competition among urban dwellers over access to land, adequate shelter, housing, basic services and public infrastructure and space Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3

4. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME GLOBAL RESPONSES INTRODUCTION Global Goals Growing global concern about slums. MDG Goals included a target to significantly improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year 2020. SDG Goal 11: “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” and a target to “ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums” by 2030 Habitat III Currently working towards a New Urban Agenda for sustainable urban development. Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3

5. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME PARTICIPATORY ENUMERATION AND MAPPING Participatory Enumeration Involve people who enumerated themselves and are involved in the inception, design, management, implementation, analysis and use of the data. Community Mapping Identification of structures or parcels of land, and may include measurement of boundaries. It includes a range of activities, such as sketch-map projects transect walks to develop sections of the community, or cartographic projects (which may employ use of GPS or mapping tools). Government data collection on informal settlements is often inadequate for planning and programming purposes. As a result, informal settlement dwellers are excluded from citywide plans and programmes, and governments use the lack of information to justify their failure to install basic services (IIED, 2014). Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3

6. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME SOCIAL TENURE DOMAIN MODEL (STDM) Concept Captures the different forms of land rights not usually included in formal land administration systems, such as informal settlements and customary tenure Describes the relationship between people and land through the different forms of land rights, social tenure relationships and overlapping claims or rights over land Information Tool Data management tool which can store and easily update the community- sourced land information Provides a visualization to make analysis of various community data easier. STDM yields a land information system which now provides the basis for identifying beneficiaries for tenure regularization programs, prioritization of needs and services, access to basic services, settlement planning, among others Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3

7. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME COLOMBIA Practical Applications and Country Experiences The STDM implementation provided support to the Comprehensive Neighbourhood Upgarding to strengthen the capacity of the community in Ciudadela Sucre to identify and rank settlement´s problems and opportunities and formulate solutions through specific urban projects. Key Partners HFHI, The Hospital Order of St. John of God, through its communal centre in Ciudadela Sucre, St. Benito Menni, The Catholic University of Colombia, the Colombian NGO COLNODO. Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3 When Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Meet Information helped to increase the visibility of needs of the community to the government and enlist allies engaging with local government entities, private sector and other CSO groups The project contributed to the establishment of the “Mesa de Mejoramiento de Vivienda”, a space for various civil society organizations to create a common agenda to address housing quality problems in Colombia. The project which produced significant community information helped in elevating the topic of housing improvements and neighborhood upgrading at both the local and national level,

8. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME KENYA Practical Applications and Country Experiences In order to provide an efficient land information system, with input coming from data collected during participatory enumeration and mapping exercises, the project, ”STDM Implementation in Mombasa and Nairobi in Support of Informal Settlements Improvements” was implemented in selected informal settlement areas in Kenya. Key Partners Pamoja Trust (PT), the Technical University of Kenya (TU-K), Mombasa County Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3 When Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Meet The Mombasa County Government (MCG) expressed interest in documenting more informal settlements within the STDM framework alongside completing the inventory of all informal settlements within its jurisdiction. MCG is working with the communities thru Pamoja Trust for the tenure regularization of slum dwellers in Kwa Bulo thru the STDM tool Consultation by MCG with community members on the County Land Management Policy which aims to address land issues concerning absentee landlords, tenants-at-will, informal settlements, land use planning and revenue collection on land.

9. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME PHILIPPINES Practical Applications and Country Experiences The STDM pilot in the Philippines was brought about by the need for a tool to efficiently manage data coming from collected data from enumeration and mapping processes. This is to support ongoing projects on participatory enumeration and mapping by GLTN partners for settlement and household profiling whereby data gathered will support shelter planning and community development initiatives. Key Partners Homeless Peoples Federation of the Philippine, Inc. (HPFPI), Linkbuild, Inc., Technical Assistance Movement for People and the Environement. Inc. (TAMPEI), Geodetic Engineers of the Philippines (GEP)-National Capital Region (NCR), FIG Young Surveyors Network and the University of the Philippines (UP)/FEATI Geodetic Engineering Department Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3 When Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Meet Participatory enumeration, mapping and STDM are tools supported communities in organizing and empowering themselves to negotiate with local government and other urban stakeholders - In Valenzuela City, results of the mapping activities in Barangay Mapulang Lupa prompted two adjacent communities to pursue an onsite land acquisition project which the city government supported by way of facilitating the survey of the relocation site. - In Muntinlupa City, enumeration and mapping results in Barangay Sucat aided the shelter development planning held in the area and has helped the local government identify priority projects for informal settlement communities.

10. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME UGANDA Practical Applications and Country Experiences The Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM) interventions in Uganda commenced in July 2011 in Mbale. The success of the STDM pilot became a key driver of change in scaling up similar initiatives in three more municipalities in 2014. In 2015, STDM implementation is upscaled to ten (10) more Municipalities to support the Uganda Support to Municipal Infrastructural Development (USMID), in which 14 Municipalities are being supported by the World Bank and Cities Alliance to address the infrastructural challenges. Key Partners Government of Uganda (GOU) through the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MoLHUD) and Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI) through local partners ACTogether Uganda and the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDFU) – hereafter referred to as the Uganda Alliance. Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3 When Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Meet Through the municipal and settlement fora in the region, the federation continued to lobby for quality services in the informal settlements. Local communities in Mbale were granted funds to implement capital projects aimed at improving upgrading slums.

11. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME CHALLENGES Social Acceptance by the Community Institutional Acceptance by Government Fear of Misuse of Household/Community Information Awareness of the concept of STDM Technology Language Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3 OPPORTUNITIES Support from the local and national government Mobilization and coordination with CSOs Integration of STDM application to support national land policies towards enhancing land rights and security of tenure

12. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME CONCLUSION Complementing the strengths of communities and government authorities with help from geo-spatial technologies and participatory approaches can go a long way to assist in sustainable urban development and in improving land tenure security. Partner Logo 1Partner Logo 2Partner Logo 3

13. COMMUNITY-GENERATED LAND INFORMATION INFLUENCING UPGRADING PROGRAMS AND STRATEGIES IN COLOMBIA, KENYA, PHILIPPINES AND UGANDA: EVIDENCES WHERE THE TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES MEET NEED TO KNOW MORE? http://www.gltn.net