1. from SPARC to SPARX Luigi Palumbo SPARC Review Committee, January 9, 2008

2. MUR Strategic Research Programs SPARC (2003) (2003) R&D program towards high brightness e - beam & SASE-FEL experiment (FISR). SPARX (2005) (2005) R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source (1.5 nm < < 13.5 nm ) (FIRB) (2007) Approval of SPARX Facility with start funding

3. LABORATORY @ LNF-INFN

4. INFN Installation completed … Compared with the original MIUR contract additional items: 1.Dazzler 2.Emittance-meter 3.Third Accelerating section 4.Second set of solenoids + steel mantel 5.RF Deflector 6.By-pass 7.X-Band RF Cavities 8.Seeding chamber and support + brand new electrical, fluids, cooling plants installed in the hall.

5. SPARC PLANNING 2007 2007 - SPARC Photoinjector @150 MeV completed - Installation of 12 m SPARC undulator 2008 2008 - Beam measurements @ 150 MeV - Slice emittance - SASE esperiment - Seeding HHG test @266,160,114 nm, - Installation of Thomson beam Line with interaction chamber - Timing and synchronization - X-band RF cavities - High repetition rate (100 Hz) S-band Guns 2009 SPARC-Lab Test Facility (PlasmonX, QFEL, Channeling …) SPARC - lab High Intensity Electron & Photon Beams Laboratory

6. e-beam meas. A. Cianchi e-beam sim. C. Ronsivalle exp. data analys A. Mostacci Laser System C. Vicario Linac R. Boni Cathodes L. Cultrera RF Contr. & Synch. A. Gallo Gun & RF Def. D. Alesini Magn&Power Supply G.Gatti Instr. diagn. D. Filippetto Controls, Data log E. Pace Vacuum A. Clozza Fluids L. Pellegrino Layout: S. Tomassini Convent. Safety S. Vescovi Radiation Prot. A. Esposito Area Safety Resp. G. Di Pirro National Resp. : L. Palumbo LNF Resp: M. Ferrario MI Resp: L. Serafini Roma2 Resp: L. Catani Lecce Resp: W. Perrone Roma1 Resp: M. Mattioli Scientific Coord: L. Serafini Commiss Coord. M. Ferrario Technical Coord: G. Di Pirro Mech. & Align: F. Sgamma RF-X Develop. B. Spataro PlasmonX C. Vaccarezza Timing A. Drago SPARCSPARC Photon beam E. Chiadroni Seeding L. Giannessi 2008 Steering Committee Review Committee Documentation M. Migliorati

7. S orgente P ulsata A uto-amplificata R adiazione X PROJECT

9. SPARX Goals  SPARX workshops - ENEA CR Frascati 16.01.2001 - ENEA CR Frascati 16.01.2001 - INFN-LNF 09.05.2005 - INFN-LNF 09.05.2005 - INFN-LNF 19.06.2007 - INFN-LNF 19.06.2007 Wavelength range : 1.5 - 13.5 nm water window water window (~ 2.5 – 4.5 nm) (~ 2.5 – 4.5 nm) carbon window carbon window (~ 4.5 – 6.3 nm) (~ 4.5 – 6.3 nm)

10. Fs-dynamics Chemical Reactions CHEMISTRY Magnetic Nanostructure MATERIAL SCIENCE Energy Dissipation in Clusters PHYSICS Brightness Complex Solids PHYSICS Catalysis, Electrochemistry TECHNOLOGY Spectro-microscopy LIFE/Environment Coherence Time resolved imaging MATERIAL SCIENCE Biological systems LIFE SCIENCE Nanofabrication TECHNOLOGY Peak Power Clusters MATERIAL SCIENCE Athmospheric chemistry ENVIRONMENT Fusion Plasma TECHNOLOGY

11. SPARX general parameter list Energy (GeV) 1.2 ÷ 2.4 Current (kA) 1.0 ÷ 2.5 ε nx slice (μrad) 1 ε ny slice (μrad) 1 σ δ (%) 0.1 λ r (nm) 13.0 ÷ 1.5

12. 3.5GeV (Xband)

13. SPARX 12.41.240.124 (nm) SASE RADIATION

15. Flexible design SASE & Seeded configurations  Seed source to improve coherence length with respect to SASE  Extended use of higher order harmonics  Short pulses (fs range)  Extendable operation range to the sub-nm wavelengths (0.5 nm)

16. SPARX layout Linac 500 MeV BC2 IV Linac 150 MeV RF gun IV Linac 350 MeV Laser heater RFD BC1 Linac 1.2 GeV DL1 Linac 2.4 GeV DL1 DL2 IV undulators @ 1.2 GeV undulators @ 2.4 GeV

17. 1.2 GeV  10 – 6 nm r [nm] r [nm]K gap [mm] 4.31.1611.0 6.o1.658.0 7.51.977.0 10 (E = 1 GeV)* 1.877.3 10 nm 6 nm

18. 2.4 GeV  6 – 1 nm r [nm] r [nm]K gap [mm] 1.11.210.0 1.92.07.0 2.7 (E = 2 GeV) 2.07.0 1.1 nm 1.9 nm

19. SEEDING & Harmonic Gen. Seed Source λ res λ res /n U - 1U - 2 e - beam

20. 2.6 nm Spectrum

21. How to go to shorter wavelengths? Example:  0.5 nm Example:  0.5 nm 1)Use 3rd harmonics 2)Increase the beam Energy @ 3.5 GeV 3) Shorter period undulator 1.5 cm @ 2.4 GeV 1) Waveguide X-band undulator @ 2.4 GeV

22. Option for shorter : RF traveling wave undulator (TWU)  High power (400 MW) X-band 11.4 GHz RF source  SLAC SLED’ed system  Many novel aspects, advantages  Short u (1.5 mm)  Large aperture (low wakes)  Helical polarization (K=0.8)  Period-to-period field balance easy  Inexpensive access to sub-nm r  Experimental test in 2008 RF RF TW undulator: beam counterpropagating in high power RF waveguide Preliminary design for UCLA-INFN TWU experiment at BNL ATF

24. Towards the femtosecond frontier: Extreme-low charge operation   Extreme-low Q operation  1 nC —> 1 pC  Very low  n =0.06 mm-mrad  Ultra-short beam, high I  Velocity bunching at source  Chicane bunching at 1 GeV  1 femtosecond rms bunch   Advantages  Wakes mitigated (CSR, undulator)  Higher brightness beam (short L g )  Single spike X-ray FEL, more stable  Time-scale of interest for probing electronic motion   Idea applicable to SPARX, LCLS Simulation of SPARX e-beam current pulse

25. Site map

26. FACILITY TDR 2007 BUILD. PROJECT 200820092010201120122013 LONG TERM PROCUREMENT TUNNEL & BUILD. CONSTRUCTION SHORT TERM PROCUREMENT INSTALLATION SUB-SYSTEMS TEST COMMISSIONING R&D DEVELOP.

29. SPARX- Activity Plan – Start up Approval od Role & Responsabilities Complete Organization Chart (CTS) Layout Macchina Project Specificatios Machine Design Civil infrastructure design Cost estimate Planning 6.12.200731.12.2007 Scientific case Up-date TDR 30.04.200815.05.2008