1. Science TAKS: Bell Ringers Prepared for the Scurry-Rosser High School Science Department Objective 5, I.05B Demonstrate wave interactions including interference, polarization, reflection, refraction, and resonance within various materials.

2. Important Definitions Interference – the process in which two or more light, sound, or electromagnetic waves of the same frequency combine to reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the combining waves. Polarization – A condition in which transverse waves vibrate consistently in a single plane, or along a circle or ellipse. Electromagnetic radiation such as light is composed of transverse waves and can be polarized. –Certain kinds of light filters, including sunglasses that reduce glare, work by filtering out light that is polarized in one direction. Reflection – The change in direction of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, away from a boundary the wave encounters. Reflected waves remain in their original medium rather than entering the medium they encounter. –According to the law of reflection, the angle of reflection of a reflected wave is equal to its angle of incidence. Refraction – The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density. Resonance – Oscillation induced in a physical system when it is affected by another system that is itself oscillating at the right frequency. For example, a swing will swing to greater heights if each consecutive push on it is timed to be in rhythm with the initial swing.

3. #1) One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibrate because of … A. interference B. the Doppler effect C. resonance D. standing waves State Average: 31% correct

4. #2) When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as… F. reflection G. refraction H. diffraction J. polarization State Average: 37% correct

5. #3) An empty cup was tightly covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains of salt were sprinkled on top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was struck and placed slightly above the plastic wrap, the salt began to move. Which characteristic of waves does the movement of the salt demonstrate? A. Echo formation B. Diffraction C. Resonance D. Specular reflection State Average: 46% correct

6. #4) Which wave has the greatest velocity? State Average: 57% correct

7. #5) The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is determined by the… A. frequency of the vibration produced B. strength of the plucking force C. distance between the strings D. shape of the guitar body State Average: 72% correct

8. TAKS Question Set Answers #1C #2G #3C #4 G #5A

9. #6) When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A after striking the DVD surface? F. Conduction G. Refraction H. Magnification J. Reflection State Average: 79% correct

10. #7) The image on the screen is inverted because light rays… A. condense as they pass through a pinhole B. travel through the opening in straight lines C. refract as they strike the screen D. are polarized by the materials on the screen State Average: State Review Question

11. TAKS Question Set Answers #6J #7B