1. Intro to Psychology Unit 2: Research Methods Instructor: Sara Barnett

2. Warm-Up Question What should you be aware of/consider when reading about psychology and psychological findings? What should you be aware of/consider when reading about psychology and psychological findings?

3. Example Finding Rogers (1999) found in his study that 70% of spiritual people report being happy life whereas only 40% of non-spiritual people report being happy in life. Rogers (1999) found in his study that 70% of spiritual people report being happy life whereas only 40% of non-spiritual people report being happy in life.

4. Warm-Up Response What motivated Rogers to conduct this study? What motivated Rogers to conduct this study? Is he a spiritual person? Is he a spiritual person? Who were the participants – how old were they, how many of them were there, who qualifies as spiritual, what were their respective religions? Who were the participants – how old were they, how many of them were there, who qualifies as spiritual, what were their respective religions? What were the measures used to determine spirituality? What were the measures used to determine spirituality? What were the measures used to determine happiness? What were the measures used to determine happiness?

5. Agenda Announcements Announcements Discussion of Research in Psychology Discussion of Research in Psychology Questions, Comments, Reflections Questions, Comments, Reflections

6. Announcements Suggestions for Improving DB posts Suggestions for Improving DB posts Unit 2 Project is due today! Requirements include: Unit 2 Project is due today! Requirements include: - 3-5 page paper that answers the following questions. - 3-5 page paper that answers the following questions. - Each paper should include: a cover page that includes your name, the name of the class and section, and the date.

7. Paper Outline 1. What is a research question? What is a hypothesis? 2. Which of the research methodologies from Chapter 2 would you choose to conduct a study? Explain in detail what you like about this type of research. 3. What various perspectives on ethical issues using the methodology you chose in Question 2 do you need to identify for a research project? For example: ethical issues that you might encounter with your choice of methodology from question 2 above; ethical issues that might arise when you use human subjects in your study; and ethical considerations of the overall project, its goals, and its purpose. 4. How do research psychologists come up with conclusions in their studies? 5. If you had the opportunity to conduct a study, what would you want to study? What would you hope to find that could help you personally or professionally? Be specific.

8. Psychology as a Science Reliance on philosophy and the Bible Reliance on philosophy and the Bible - Galileo sentenced to prison (1700s) Influence of Scientific Revolutions (1600s, 1700s, 1800s) Influence of Scientific Revolutions (1600s, 1700s, 1800s) Psychology taken seriously Psychology taken seriously Funding for psychology Funding for psychology

9. Research Terms (General) Method Method Empiricism Empiricism Operational Definition Operational Definition Validity (construct, predictive) : ability to identify or measure the variables or constructs that it proposes to identify or measure. Validity (construct, predictive) : ability to identify or measure the variables or constructs that it proposes to identify or measure. Reliability: consistency of a set of measurements or measuring instrument, often used to describe a test Reliability: consistency of a set of measurements or measuring instrument, often used to describe a test

10. Research Terms (General) Population Population Sample Sample Law of large numbers Law of large numbers Case Method Case Method

11. Experimental Research Independent Variable Independent Variable Experimental Group Experimental Group - Randomization v. Self-selection Control Group Control Group Dependent Variable Dependent Variable

12. Example Experimental Research Project Q: How does watching wrestling affect the violent behavior of fifth grade boys Q: How does watching wrestling affect the violent behavior of fifth grade boys Independent variables: Watching wrestling and not watching wrestling Independent variables: Watching wrestling and not watching wrestling Experimental Group: Students who watch wrestling three times/week Experimental Group: Students who watch wrestling three times/week Control Group: Students who do not watch any wrestling Control Group: Students who do not watch any wrestling Dependent variable: The number fights in which students were involved throughout the course of the experiment Dependent variable: The number fights in which students were involved throughout the course of the experiment

13. Research Ethics Informed Consent/Confidentiality Informed Consent/Confidentiality Freedom from coercion Freedom from coercion Protection from harm Protection from harm Debriefing Debriefing Animal rights Animal rights

14. Questions, Comments, Concerns ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????