1. 1 How Does the United States Makes Foreign Policy?

2. 2 How should the US government react to this image (if at all)?

3. 3 What is Foreign Policy? * Def: goals and strategies (tools) that guide the US’s relationship with other countries * Some Foreign Policy Tools: 1. Military 2. Alliances (partners) 3. Diplomacy (negotiation) 4. Economic Sanction (hurt country’s economy)

4. 4 US Involvement in Foreign Affairs * Isolationism: US should avoid involvement in world affairs - US foreign policy until 1890s * Internationalism: US Involvement in world affairs is necessary for national security - US foreign policy since 1890s

5. 5 America’s Long Term Foreign Policy Goals 1. National Security 2. Free and Open Trade 3. World Peace 4. Promote Democratic Governments 5. Concern for Humanity

6. 6 1. National Security  preserve US security

7. 7 2. Free and Open Trade  Maintain trade with other nations

8. 8 3. World Peace

9. 9 4. Promote Democratic Governments  Help countries become democracies

10. 10 5. Concern for Humanity  Help less fortunate countries

11. 11 Communication between nations may help resolve disagreements Communication can lead to treaties Summit Meetings bring all the parties involved to a neutral gathering place Diplomacy (negotiation) Promote peace talks Promote economic relationships and alliances, such as NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Promote security, such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliances (partnerships) Used to defend against foreign aggressors Used to discourage aggression Military Example Uses of the Foreign Policy Tools Foreign Policy Tool

12. 12 1. Economic Aid o Giving loans or grants to nations in need o Help developing countries develop an infrastructure (foundation for roads, power, and water). o Help rebuild after a war or natural disaster. 2. Humanitarian Aid o Give food, shelter and clothing after a disaster. o Offer counsel for political prisoners and refugees. o Provide medicine and training for health care Foreign Aid

13. 13 Spies can discover information that may be harmful to the US Knowledge of other countries’ defense plans may help the United States protect its citizens and infrastructure. Intelligence Sanctions (forceful measures to pressure a nation to comply to something or stop doing something) Types of Economic Sanctions: 1. Tariffs (taxes) and trade regulations 2. Embargoes (refuse to trade with nation) 3. Boycotts (protesting a country by stopping trade with them ) Trade Measures

14. 14 How should the US respond?

15. 15 Foreign Policy Situation What long term US foreign policy goal is possibly at risk? Which tools should the US use to help fix this situation? Explain why the US should or should not get involved to fix this situation An earthquake hits Pakistan killing thousands of people and destroying a major city, while leaving millions homeless.

16. 16 What Would You Do? Should the US government allow US companies to sell products to China, a country that has a history of depriving citizens of basic human rights (i.e. freedom of speech, freedom of religion, etc.) Student Protesting against Chinese government (1989)