2. Elements of Poetry: Sound Devices

3. Rhyme The repetition of accented vowel sounds. Has the same END SOUND as another word. INTERNAL RHYME-rhyming within a line of poetry I was sad because my dad, Made me eat every beet.“ EXTERNAL RHYME- rhyming words at the ends of lines I am rad like a boss like a boss so too bad. so too bad. 2

4. 3 Repetition AGAIN TO TELL OR SAY AGAIN REPEATED Words, phrases, lines or stanzas are REPEATED for effect FEELING Helps the poet emphasize an idea or create a FEELING Example: from Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Bells” To the swinging and the ringing of the bells, bells, bells – Of the bells, bells, bells, bells Bells, bells, bells – To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells! Think of all the songs you know where words and lines are repeated – often a lot!

5. 4 Alliteration consonant The repetition of similar consonant sounds in words close together beginning Usually the beginning of words The wild and wooly walrus waits and wonders when we will walk by. Slowly, silently, now the moon Walks the night in her silver shoon; This way, and that, she peers, and sees Silver fruit upon silver trees… -- from Silver by Walter de la Mare How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? (almost ALL tongue twisters!)

6. 5 Assonance voweINSIDE The repetition of rhyming vowel sounds INSIDE the lines of a poem. Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese. Free and easy. Make the grade. The stony walls enclosed the holy space.

7. 6 Consonance consonantINSIDE end The repetition of consonant sounds either INSIDE the lines of a poem or at the end Norm, the worm took the garden by a storm this morn

8. 7 Onomatopoeia Word that mimics or imitates sound buzz… hiss… roar… meow… woof… rumble… howl… snap… zip… zap… blip… whack … crack… crash… flutter… flap… squeak… whirr.. pow… plop… crunch… splash… jingle… rattle… clickety-clack… bam! Onomatopoeia is also considered a “poetic sound device”.

9. 8 Rhyme Scheme The pattern of end rhymes (of lines) in a poem. Letters are used to identify a poem’s rhyme scheme (a.k.a rhyme pattern). The letter a is placed after the first line and all lines that rhyme with the first line. The letter b identifies the next line ending with a new sound, and all lines that rhyme with it. Letters continue to be assigned in sequence to lines containing new ending sounds. a.k.a = “also known as” This may seem confusing, but it isn’t. Really!

10. 9 Rhyme Scheme continued… Examples: Twinkle, twinkle little stara How I wonder what you are.a Up above the earth so high,b Like a diamond in the sky.b Baa, baa, black sheepa Have you any wool?b Yes sir, yes sir,c Three bags full.b

11. 10 Rhyme Scheme continued… What is the rhyme scheme of this stanza? Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. From Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost

12. 11 Did you get it right? aaba Whose woods these are I think I know. a His house is in the village though; a He will not see me stopping here b To watch his woods fill up with snow. a

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