1. Rise of fascism Hitler, Mussolini, and others join the party...

2. Hitler’s rise to power  After WWI, Hitler joined political group that believed the T. of V. needed to be overturned  Later turned into National Socialist German Worker’s Party – called Nazis for short  Hitler named leader of Nazis  Biggest reason = public speaking ability  Inspired by Mussolini’s rise to power, Hitler tried same tactics and organized march to Munich  Didn’t work, Hitler jailed for treason  Sentenced for 5 years, serves 9 months

3. Mein Kampf  While in jail, Hitler writes Mein Kampf, which uses the following beliefs to lead the Nazi party  Germans = “master race”  Non-Aryan “races” (Jews, Slavs, Gypsies) = inferior  T. of V. = outrage and must be overturned  German lands must be regained  Germany = overcrowded, needed more lebensraum (living space)  Would get space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia

4. Hitler becomes leader of Germany  Hitler (Nazi party) voted as leader and quickly turns Germany into totalitarian state  Banned all other political parties  Created the SS, which murdered hundreds of Hitler’s opponents  Controlled economy by banning strikes, eliminating labor unions, and allowing govt to control business/labor  Unemployment under Hitler dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million in 1936

5. Schutzstaffel (SS – protection squad)

6. Not just the economy...  Hitler wanted to control all aspects of life  Shaped public opinion by using press, radio, literature, painting, and film as propaganda  Non-Nazi books = burned  Churches not allowed to criticize Nazis  Children forced to join Hitler Youth or League of German Girls

7. War on Jews declared  Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews) = vital part of Nazi ideology  Jews blamed for Germany’s loss of WWI  Also blamed for economic crisis  Irony = Jews made up less than 1% of German pop.  1933: laws passed to take Jewish rights away  Violence against Jews continues to grow  Nov. 9, 1938: Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)  Nazi mobs attack Jews in homes and streets  Thousands of Jewish-owned buildings destroyed