4.  1942-1943: German Afrika Corps (Rommel) had been fighting a 2-front war  USA on W. Front  France & G.B. on E. Front  5/1943: Axis forces surrender in Tunisia

5.  King of Italy arrested Mussolini & signed surrender w/ Allies  But…  1) Mussolini broken out of jail by Germany  2) Germany send troops & equip. into Italy

6.  Italy split in half (S. Italy now Allied side, N. Italy controlled by Mussolini & Germany)  Allies invade N. Italy @ Anzio  Suffer heavy losses, but capture Rome in June 1944  Mussolini & mistress shot and killed (April 1945) then hung by Italian people to verbally assault and physically abuse

9.  Called for invasion of N. France (i.e. Normandy) from S. England  Largest sea-born invasion in History  Occurred on June 6, 1944 (D-Day)

10.  Allies invaded 5 beaches  Sword (GB)  Juno (Canada)  Gold (GB)  Omaha (US)*  Utah (US)

11.  Allies liberate Paris by 8/1944  Many troops believe that war will be over in a few weeks  But…

12.  Germany’s last offensive of the war  Attacked Allied front lines w/ best Army + equipment left (e.g. King Tigers) in the middle of a snowstorm  Goal: take seaport of Antwerp (cut off Allied supplies)

13.  Germany achieved early success  But once snowstorm cleared :  Allied aircraft attacked German Army  Allies counter-attacked (Patton’s 3 rd Army)  Result: w/ last of Germany’s best army destroyed, nothing left to stop Allies

15.  Battle of Kursk (7/1944)  Largest tank battle of WWII  Result: USSR wins & now continuously attacks German Army as they retreat  Reach Berlin (4/1945)

16.  Moved into bunker under Berlin  Last statement: “The Jews are the reason Germany has lost the war!”  Committed suicide & had body burned  Germany surrenders May 7 th, 1945

17.  Explain how the WWII came to an end in Europe by the summer of 1945.

19.  Both viewed as strategically vital by USA- why?  had airfields that allowed Allied bombers (B-29) to reach Japanese home islands  Control of both would cut off flow of supplies to Japanese & allow Allies place to prepare for invasion of Japan

20.  Both islands captured, but w/ high casualties  USA & GB pop. growing tired of war  Told to expected 1 million casualties if Japanese home islands invaded

21.  USA had new A-bomb, but only 2  Decided to drop A-bombs to avoid large amt. of casualties  Convinced that bombs would “shock” Japan into surrendering

23.  1 st Bomb (“Little Boy”)  Dropped on Hiroshima, Japan (8/6/1945)  Killed 80-120k instantly  2 nd Bomb (“Fat Man”)  Dropped on Nagasaki, Japan (8/9/1945)  Killed 35-74k instantly

24.  Note: total # killed did not reflect thousands more that died from radiation  August 14 th, 1945: Japan’s Emperor (Hirohito) surrenders unconditionally to Allies on USS Missouri