1. SECTION 1 – HEALING THE WOUNDS OF WAR CHAPTER 28 – THE COLD WAR

2. OCCUPATION RULE Occupation of Germany Potsdam Conference – Meeting between Truman, Stalin, and new Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Divided Germany into 4 occupation zones U.S., Britain, and France – Western Industrialized Germany U.S.S.R. – Eastern more rural Germany Occupation of Japan Economy in shambles U.S. occupied from 1945 -1952 Democracy put in place Economic reform Gave land to farmers Labor Unions allowed to organize Broke up zaibatsu

5. WAR CRIME TRIALS Nuremberg Trials German war crimes trials Led by International Military Court September 1946 Tried Nazi leaders on 4 charges Planning the War Committing War crimes Committing other crimes against humanity Conspiring to commit the crimes 12 Nazi leaders sentenced to death 7 receive jail sentences 3 were acquitted Many fled to South America Adolf Eichmann – Architect of Jewish extermination program

6. TRIALS IN TOKYO International Military Tribunal for the Far East May 1946 – November 1948 20 Leaders of Japan’s military 7 put to death Hideki Tojo Others get life in prison Judges followed legal procedures Set up important standards Individuals can be held accountable for actions during war Crimes cannot be excused “just following orders”

7. THE UNITED NATIONS United Nations (U.N.) – Postwar international organization San Francisco 50 Nations General Assembly All member nations Security Council 5 Permanent Members – U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, China 10 rotating members Addresses military and political problems Has power to veto any action proposed by the General assembly Headquarters in New York City Trygve Lie (Norway) – 1 st secretary-general of U.N. Eleanor Roosevelt – One of 1 st U.S. delegate to the U.N.

8. THE FOUNDING OF ISRAEL UN plan Palestine – British Controlled Conflict between Jews and Arabs Divide into 2 States 1 for Jews 1 for Arabs Arabs reject proposal Zionism Seeking a Jewish homeland David Ben-Gurion Born in Poland Palestine 1906 Exiled 1915 US Raise $ British withdraw Claim State of Israel Recognized by US and Soviet Union

9. THE ARAB-ISRAELI WAR Arab nations React violently Would not recognize Israel Arab Army Palestine Egypt Iraq Lebanon Syria Transjordan Israel under Command of Ben-Gurion Held much of Palestine Arsenal Millions of Dollars Donated by American Jewish Community

11. THE ARAB-ISRAELI WAR CONTINUED UN Sends mediator Count Folke Bernadotte of Sweden Negotiates Cease Fire Assassinated Israeli extremist 1949 2 nd UN mediator Ralph Bunche Both sides accept armistice Won Nobel Peace Prize 1950 1 st African American to receive honor 1949 agreement Gave Israel more territory Divided Jerusalem into Jewish/Arab Zones Egypt Gaza Strip Jordan West Bank Arabs Refuse to recognize State of Israel