1. Hard Data for Tough Choices: eBooks and pBooks in Academic Libraries Matthew Connor Sullivan Information & Technical Services Katherine Leach Western Languages Division, Widener Library ER&L Conference | April 5, 2016

2. Focus today Overview of project Purpose of ebooks within the WLD Examples of questions, process Two questions – How does the use of eBooks compare to the use of pBooks? – How has the use of eBooks impacted the use of pBooks? Discussion, feedback, questions

3. 2 “givens” when discussing academic eBooks

4. 1.eBooks have not supplanted pBooks – eBooks for quick reference, lighter reading – pBooks for deeper reading and research

5. 2 “givens” when discussing academic eBooks 1.eBooks have not supplanted pBooks – eBooks for quick reference, lighter reading – pBooks for deeper reading and research 1.Providing access to both is not possible

6. 2 “givens” when discussing academic eBooks 1.eBooks have not supplanted pBooks – eBooks for quick reference, lighter reading – pBooks for deeper reading and research 1.Providing access to both is not possible … even for Harvard

7. What we need in WLD from this project … Good information Guidelines

8. What we need in WLD from this project… Good information Guidelines Literature Incomplete Imbalanced Imperfect

9. Goals of project Better understand user behavior Begin answering tough collections decisions Share findings, experience Get help!

10. Project MUSE acquisition overview - One-time funding for duplicating print and electronic Entire Project MUSE 2014 collection purchased

11. 29,700 books – over 20,000 published before 2012 – 2687 titles from 2012 – 2940 titles from 2013 – 2863 titles from 2014 later purchase loaded March 2015 20,234 title overlap – As of January 2014 22,701 title overlap – As of March 2015 Broad overview of collection

12. 2013 and backfiles titles loaded into our system by January 2014 – 2 years of data for back files 2014 and additional backfiles loaded by March 2015 – 1 year of data for 2014 imprints

13. Question 1: How do eBooks and pBooks compare?

14. How can they be compared?

15. 1.What materials? –Same content in both formats

16. How can they be compared? 1.What materials? –Same content in both formats 2.In what ways? –Cannot compare use directly –Used or not –Used in PnotE, EnotP, Both, or Neither –Variables: titles, classification, year, publisher, edited volume

21. Are eBooks used for pBook discovery?

23. Do eBook and pBook use patterns differ?

25. Using different titles in eBook and pBook?

26. Different … subjects? years? publishers? types of works (e.g., edited volumes)?

33. Question 2: How have eBooks impacted pBooks?

34. Bailey (2006) eBook: 5-fold increase pBook: ⅓ decrease

35. Bailey (2006) eBook: 5-fold increase pBook: ⅓ decrease Shen (2011) pBook decline since 2003–2004 eBook increase since 2005

36. Problems not duplicating shift from pBooks to eBooks?

37. Problems not duplicating shift from pBooks to eBooks? = “aging” pBooks

38. Problems not duplicating shift from pBooks to eBooks? = “aging” pBooks “sales attrition”: 10% to 20% annual newer pBooks circulate most

42. pBook decline in general?

43. circulation studies – pBook decreasing citation analyses – monograph losing out to e-resources

51. Recap: Users want and use both formats— appear to be using different materials differently eBooks do not appear to be driving pBook discovery eBooks are having effect on pBooks—but not as much as previoulsy reported

52. Now what? Collection development factors – Can we make a policy with this data? – Publisher pricing Access Services factors – Staffing of circulation desk – Scan and deliver services Research, Teaching, and Learning factors – Class instruction

53. Questions and feedback

54. Thank you Matthew Connor Sullivan Harvard University Library matthew_sullivan@harvard.edu Katherine Leach Western Languages Division Harvard University Library kleach@fas.harvard.edu

55. Selected Works Anderson, Rick. “Print on the Margins.” Library Journal, June 15 (2011), 38–39. Bailey, Timothy P. “Electronic Book Usage at a Master’s Level I University: A Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 32, no. 1 (2006), 52–59. Bucknell, Terry. “The ‘Big Deal’ Approach to Acquiring E-Books: A Usage-Based Study.” Serials 23, no. 2 (July 2010), 126–134. Cassidy, Erin Dorris, Michelle Martinez, and Lisa Shen. “Not in Love, or Not in the Know? Graduate Student and Faculty Use (and Non-Use) of E-Book.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 38, no. 6 (2012): 326–332. Christianson, Marily, and Marsha Aucoin. “Electronic or Print Books: Which Are Used?” Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services 29 (2005), 71–81. Croft, Rosie, and Corey Davis, “E-Books Revisited: Surveying Student E-Book Usage in a Distributed Learning Academic Library 6 Years Later.” Journal of Library Administration 50 (2010), 543–569.

56. Selected Works Davis, Philip M., and Suzanne A. Cohen, "The Effect of the Web on Undergraduate Citation Behavior 1996–1999.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 52, no. 4 (2001), 309–314. Fernandez, Michael. "A Usage Comparison for Print and Electronic Books in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill." MA Thesis. Retrieved from https://ils.unc.edu/MSpapers/2827.pdf Goodwin, Cathy. “The e-Duke Scholarly Collection: E-book v. Print Use.” Collection Building 33, no. 4 (2014): 101–105. JISC. “Assessing the Impact of Electronic Course Texts on Print Sales and Library Hard Copy Circulation.” Ciber Works Packages 9 and 10, November 2009. Retrieved from http://ciber-research.eu/download/20091102-printsales.pdf Kimball, Rusty, Gary Ives, and Kathy Jackson. "Comparative Usage of Science E- Book and Print Collections at Texas A&M University Libraries.” Collection Management 35 (2010), 15–28.

57. Selected Works Kriebel, Leslie, and Leslie Lapham. “Transition to electronic resources in undergraduate social science research: A study of honors theses bibliographies, 1999–2005.” College & Research Libraries ??? (2008), 268–283. Kushkowski, Jeffrey D., Kathy A. Parsons, and William H. Wiese, “Master’s and Doctoral Thesis Citation: Analysis and Trends of a Longitudinal study.” portal: Libraries and the Academy 3, no. 3 (July 2003), 459–479. Leiding, Reba. "Using Citation Checking of Undergraduate Honors Thesis Bibliographies to Evaluate Library Collections.” College & Research Libraries 66, no. 5 (2005), 417–429. Levine-Clark, Michael, and Christopher Brown. "Does Use of P-Books Impact Use of E-Books?" Paper presented at ER&L 2012. Levine-Clark, Michael, and Christopher Brown. "E or P? A Comparative Analysis of Electronic and Print Book Usage.” Paper presented ER&L 2013.

58. Selected Works Littman, Justin, and Lynn Silipigni Connaway, “A Circulation Analysis of Print Book and E-Books in an Academic Research Library.” LRTS 48, no. 4 (2004), 256–262. Rod-Welch, Leila June, Barbara E. Weeg, Jerry V. Caswell, and Thomas L. Kessler, “Relative Preference for Paper and for Electronic Books: Implications for Reference Services, Library Instruction, and Collection Management.” Internet Reference Services Quarterly 18, nos. 3-4 (2013), 281–303. Rose-Wiles, Lisa M. "Are Print Books Dead? An Investigation of Book Circulation at a Mid-Sized Academic Library." Technical Services Quarterly 30 (2013), 129– 152. Shelburne, Wendy Allen. "E-Book Usage in an Academic Library: User Attitudes and Behaviors.” Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services 33 (2009), 59–72.

59. Selected Works Shen, Julie. “The E-Book Lifestyle: An Academic Library Perspective.” Reference Librarian 52 (2011), 181–189. Staiger, Jeff. "How E-Books Are Used: A Literature Review of the E-Book Studies Conducted from 2006 to 2011.” Reference & User Services Quarterly 51, no. 4 (Summer 2012), 355–365. Taylor, Deborah M. “Comparison of Selected E-Books and Equivalent Print Books: Have Handheld Portable Devices Increased Use in Three Aggregated Resources?” Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries 10, no. 1 (2013), 11–24. Ward, S. M., Nixon, J. M., and R. S. Freeman, R. S., eds. E-Books in Academic Libraries: Stepping Up to the Challenge. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2015.