1. Land of Greece -Greece -Mountainous Peninsula -Small Independent Communities -Geography Would Make Unity A Problem -Seafarers -Lots Of Contacts With Others

2. Minoans -Minoans -Crete -2800bc -Mostly Traders—Land Too Poor For Farming -King Minos -Knossos -Downfall Around 1450bc -Invasion -Nat. Disaster -Possible Volcano 1628bc

3. Minoans -Minoans -Crete -2800bc -Mostly Traders—Land Too Poor For Farming -King Minos -Knossos -Downfall Around 1450bc -Invasion -Nat. Disaster -Possible Volcano 1628bc

4. Minoans -Minoans -Crete -2800bc -Mostly Traders—Land Too Poor For Farming -King Minos -Knossos -Downfall Around 1450bc -Invasion -Nat. Disaster -Possible Volcano 1628bc

5. Early Greek History -Mycenae -1600-1100bc -Warrior Culture -Agamemnon -Sack Of Troy -Mycenae Legends Passed On In Greek epics by Homer -Greek Dark Age -1100 To 750 BC -Revived Starting Around 800BC -Works Of Homer 700BC -Illiad—Odyssey -Greek Cultural Influences

6. Early Greek History -Mycenae -1600-1100bc -Warrior Culture -Agamemnon -Sack Of Troy -Mycenae Legends Passed On In Greek epics by Homer -Greek Dark Age -1100 To 750 BC -Revived Starting Around 800BC -Works Of Homer 700BC -Illiad—Odyssey -Greek Cultural Influences

7. Early Greek History -Mycenae -1600-1100bc -Warrior Culture -Agamemnon -Sack Of Troy -Mycenae Legends Passed On In Greek epics by Homer -Greek Dark Age -1100 To 750 BC -Revived Starting Around 800BC -Works Of Homer 700BC -Illiad—Odyssey -Greek Cultural Influences

8. Early Greek History -Mycenae -1600-1100bc -Warrior Culture -Agamemnon -Sack Of Troy -Mycenae Legends Passed On In Greek epics by Homer -Greek Dark Age -1100 To 750 BC -Revived Starting Around 800BC -Works Of Homer 700BC -Illiad—Odyssey -Greek Cultural Influences

9. Early Greek History -Mycenae -1600-1100bc -Warrior Culture -Agamemnon -Sack Of Troy -Mycenae Legends Passed On In Greek epics by Homer -Greek Dark Age -1100 To 750 BC -Revived Starting Around 800BC -Works Of Homer 700BC -Illiad—Odyssey -Greek Cultural Influences

10. Spread of Greek Empire -Greek Colonies -Spread Greek Culture -Italy, France, Africa, Byzantium -Increased Trade Created Wealth -Merchants Seize Power -Growth Of Democratic Ideals -Oligarchies

11. Greek City State -Polis -City State -Concept As Totally Independent Of Each Other But Still Greek In Nature -Many City States Existed And were Usually Small In Size -Acropolis -Agora -Marketplace

12. Citizenship in Greece -Citizens With Rights -Citizens W/O Rights -Non-Citizens -Constant Warring Between City States

13. City-State Government -Reign Of Kings -Overthrown By Aristocrats - “ Means The Best ” -Rise Of New Military Techniques -Phalanx Fighting -Commoners Could Challenge Aristocrats -Rise Of Tyrants -Some Would Abuse Power -Rise Of Democratic Ideals -650BC

14. City State of Sparta -Sparta -Conquered Neighbors -Spartan Society - “ Equals ” were the descendants of Original Spartans -Half Citizens—Taxed, Served In Military, But No Political Power -Helots---Conquered Peoples Who Were Sparta ’s Slaves

15. Spartan Life -Military State -2 Kings Army/Home -Council Of Elders 28 Men -Assembly—Made Up Of All Equals -Military Life -Boys Went To Barrack Life At 7 And Stayed Until 30 -Active Duty Until 60 -Women Encouraged To Raise Strong Soldiers And Future Mothers Of Soldiers

16. Spartan Life -Military State -2 Kings Army/Home -Council Of Elders 28 Men -Assembly—Made Up Of All Equals -Military Life -Boys Went To Barrack Life At 7 And Stayed Until 30 -Active Duty Until 60 -Women Encouraged To Raise Strong Soldiers And Future Mothers Of Soldiers

17. Spartan Government -Oligarchy -Little Cultural Emphasis -Little Individual Freedom -Few Cultural Achievements

18. Athenian Government -Athens -Oligarchy- a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons; government by the few. -Tyranny- unrestrained exercise of power; abuse of authority. -Democracy- government by the people -Assembly- coming together of a number of persons,

19. Athenian Democracy -Development Of Written Laws -Draco -Draconian Code 621BC -Cleisthenes -Divided Athens Into 10 Tribes -Each Tribe Selects 50 Men -Council Of 500 -General Assembly - Direct Democracy

20. Life in Classical Athens -Large Population -Many Slaves -Farming And Trade -Olives, Grapes, Figs -Terraced Hillsides -Many Fine Public Buildings -Less Extravagant Private Homes -Most Parents Arranged Marriages -Life For Girls Compared To Boys

21. Greek Religion -Less Concerned With Morality As Other Religions -Religious beliefs were to help Explain Forces Of Nature and Human Emotions Greek Religion -Less Concerned With The Concept Of An Afterlife -Perpetuated Many Myths -Major and Minor Gods as well as Heroes -Gave Each Of Them Human and God-Like Qualities Mt. OlympusTitans -Mythical parents f Zeus and the other Greek Gods -The Gods defeated and imprisoned the Titans thus taking control over the earth and heavens -This was the residence of the Gods -Located in Greece -Ruled by the lead God Zeus

22. AthenaApollo -Goddess of war and wisdom -Patron God of Athens -God of the Sun—pulled by his chariot God of Prophesy, music, and healing ZeusPoseidon -Ruler of the Waters, earthquakes and Horses -Brother of Zeus -Carried a Trident -Supreme God of the Greeks -Defeated and imprisoned his parents to become ruler of all things -Lightning Bolt

23. Ares Dionysus Aphrodite Hera -Goddess of Marriage -Wife of Zeus -God of Wine, theatre, and celebration -Granted King Midas the Golden Touch -Goddess of Love, beauty, and fertility -Role in the Trojan Wars -Her Son, Eros--Cupid -God of Warfare Hermes -messenger God

24. HadesHerculesPanArtemis -Greek Hero -Son of Zeus and a mortal -12 Labors of Hercules -God of Shepards and the flock -Half-man— half-goat -Virgin Goddess of the Hunt, and helper in childbirth -God of the Underworld

25. PerseusOraclesOdysseusJason -Trojan Wars -Trip back to Greece and wife Penelope -Cyclops -Sirens -Quest for the Golden Fleece -Argonauts -Oracle warned that he would kill his grandfather -Quest to Kill Medusa -Birth of Pegasus -Saved Andromeda from Sea Monster -Death of the Grandfather -Oracles- mythical places where information about the future could be attained -Delphi

26. Philosophy -Nature of the universe explained through unifying principles -Questions of reality and human existence -Thales--1 st philosopher -Questions about the cosmos -Parmenides -Developed rules of logic -Democritus -Theory of matter being composed of atoms

27. Socrates -Belief in the individuals power to reason -Questioning authority - “ Know thyself ” -Less memorization and more questioning -Socratic method -Charged with corruption of youth and denial of the gods -Socrates executed

28. Plato -Dialogue format of writings -showed prominent Greeks debating the knowledge of the world - “ The Republic ” -The virtuous state -Men and women as equals. -The Academy

29. Aristotle -Aristotle -Observation and investigation -Scientific investigation -Broad academic interests

30. Greek Drama -Created Drama -Action, Dialogue, Conflict, Emotion -Tragedies -Hero, Fate, Outside Events -Defeat Usually Because Of Pride -Comedies -Questioned Old Ideas -Heroes Usually Solve Their Problems

31. Literature -Defended Greek Values -Sophocles -Euripides -Aristophanes -Only Men Performed In The Theater -Chorus Described The Action, Scenes, And Gave Commentary -Amphitheaters

32. Literature -History -Herodotus -Father Of History -Thucydides -History Of The Peloponnesian Wars

33. Greek Art -Traits of Greek art -Glorified humans -Use of Gods and goddesses -Regular human scenes and people -Harmony, balance, order, moderation -Beauty and function -Art simply for enjoyment

34. Greek Art -The ideal, beautiful human -Temples -Parthenon -Temple to Athena

35. Greek Art -Sculpture -Myron -Discus Thrower -Phidias -Athena in the Parthenon -Statue of Zeus at Olympus -Mathematical ratios seen in the art

36. Threat from Persia -Asia Minor ruled by Persian Empire -Greek Revolt In Asia Minor -Persians Led By Darius try to quell rebellion -Persians Defeated At Marathon 490bc—

37. Persia Defeated -Xerxes -Wanted Revenge For Defeat Of Father -Battle At Thermopylae, 480BC -Spartans Put Forth Valiant Defensive Effort -Athens Is Abandoned To Persians -Eventual Defeat Of Persians -Naval Battle In Salamis Straits

38. Athenian Empire -Athens As Leading City State -Pericles -Direct Democracy Extended Further -Ostracism -Growth Of Athens -At The Expense Of Other City States Independence

39. Peloponnesian War -431 BC -Athens V. Sparta -Sparta Has Better Military And Attacks -Athens On Defensive -Athens Retreats Behind Massive Walls -Spartans Siege The City

40. Peloponnesian War -Sparta Wins Eventually -Athens Loses Supply Route After Persians Help Spartans -City States Cooperate Very Little Once Sparta Becomes The Dominant Power

41. Rise of Macedonia -Macedonian begins to gain power after the war period ends -Philip II Tries To Unite Greece -Opposed By Demosthenes -Great Orator And Defender Of Liberty -Philip Is Successful But Is Later Assassinated

42. Alexander the Great -Alexander The Great -Educated By Aristotle -Brilliant Commander -Conquered Persia -Expands Greek Culture As New Areas Conquered -City of Alexandria

43. Alexander ’ s Empire -Alexander Leads the Army In War Until Most Of The Known World Is Under His Command -Tried To Unite All People Under A Greater Greek Culture Through Inter- Marriage -Dies Of A Fever In Alexandria Upon His Return At Only 32

44. Hellenistic Greece -Refers To The Spread Of Greek Culture Due To Alexander ’ s Conquests -Empire Divides Into Four Parts After Alexander ’ s Death, However The Cultural Influenced Remained For A Long Time -Sense Of Belonging To A Particular City-State Starts To Decline

45. Hellenistic Thought -Epicurianism---Self Interest And Happiness -Stoicism----Zeno----Harmony With God ’ s Will-----Public-Service -Cynics----Live Simple Life With No Regard For Wealth Or Status -Skeptics----Believed That World Is Ever Changing And Nothing Is Ever Certain

46. Hellenistic Knowledge -Alexandria ’ s Library -Euclid - “ Elements ” Work Of Geometry -Archimedes -Value Of Pi -Value Of Levers -Compound Pulleys -Archimedes Screw

47. Hellenistic Knowledge -Pythagoras----Geometry -Hippocrates----Hippocratic Oath-----Disease Comes From A Natural Cause -Astronomy -Earth ’ s Circumference -Earth ’ s Orbit -Predicted Eclipses -Distance From The Sun