1. Ripple I and II: Communicating through Physical Vibrations Reading Group Presentation by Swadhin Pradhan 03/23/2016 Roy et. al., UIUC, NSDI 2015 and NSDI 2016 1

2. 2 RIPPLE - I ~200 bps

3. 3 Vibration Motor Acceleromete r

4. 4 Vibration Motor Acceleromete r

5. Vibration Motor Acceleromete r 5 On Off On Morse Code Key Modulated vibration

6. 6 Applications: Mobile Money Transfer

7. RECEIVE SEND 7

8. 8 Applications: Authentication with Ring Vibratory Passcode Detected

9. Application Vibratory Radio Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code 9 Hardware 6 bps 80 bps 200 bps 400 bps +secured

10. 10 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code N S Vibration Motor Acceleromete r C1 C2

11. 11 30 60 90 0 120 ms Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Regulated Input Vibration Braking

12. 12 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code 30 60 90 0 120 ms

13. 13 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code

14. 14 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code 30 60 90 0 120 ms 100 Hz 200 Hz 300 Hz

15. 15 N S + Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code + …

16. 16 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Resonance frequency removal

17. 17 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Resonance frequency removal

18. 18 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Z Y X

19. 19 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Z Y X

20. 20 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Z Y X Spilled signal

21. Phase lag 21 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Z Y X Spilled signal Spilled Noise removal

22. 2h Y signal Y-Axis Z-Axis 22 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

23. 2h Y signal Y spill h Y-Axis Z-Axis 23 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

24. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal Y-Axis Z-Axis 24 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

25. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal 2 = 4h 2h Scaled Y signal Y-Axis Z-Axis * 25 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

26. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal 2 = 4h 2h Scaled Y signal Y-Axis Z-Axis * 26 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

27. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal 2 = 4h 2h Scaled Y signal Y-Axis Z-Axis * 27 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

28. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal 2 = 4h 2h Scaled Y signal + Y-Axis Z-Axis * 28 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

29. 2h Y signal Y spill h 2h h Z spill Z signal 2 = 4h 2h Scaled Y signal + = 3h Interference free Y signal Y-Axis Z-Axis * 29 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Spilled Noise removal

30. 30 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Physical Layer Security

31. 31 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code N S 1 0 1 Correlated

32. 32 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration sound Speaker sound Jamming for Security

33. 33 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration sound Speaker sound Jamming for Security

34. 34 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration sound Speaker sound Jamming for Security (Phase Mismatch)

35. 35 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration sound Speaker sound Jamming for Security (Phase Mismatch)

36. 36 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration sound Speaker sound

37. 37 Single-Carrier Multi-Carrier Multi-dimension Phy-Security Morse-code Vibration start Anti-sound start Frequency switch

38. 38 Evaluation Single- carrier

39. 39 Evaluation Multi-carrier

40. 40 RIPPLE - II ~30 kbps

41. 41 32K Ripple - II 9.6K 106K 1.0K 0.3K NFC Infrared Visible Light Ultrasound 0.2K Ripple - I Search for a better Ripple (bits-per-second, entry level versions)

42. 42 Hardware Front-end

43. Vibration Accelerometer A better sensor for physical vibration The receiver:

44. A better sensor for physical vibration The receiver: + - Vibration + Sound Microphone Vibration Accelerometer

45. Vibration Accelerometer A better sensor for physical vibration Amplitude Frequency 1K10K15K Amplitude Frequency 5K 1K10K15K5K The receiver: + - Vibration + Sound Microphone

46. A better sensor for physical vibration Amplitude Frequency 1K10K15K5K OFDM The receiver: + - Vibration + Sound Microphone Vibration Accelerometer Amplitude Frequency 1K10K15K5K

47. A better sensor for physical vibration Amplitude Frequency 1K10K15K5K + - Vibration + Sound Microphone OFDM But wait… The receiver:

48. A better sensor for physical vibration Amplitude Frequency 1K10K15K5K + - Vibration + Sound Microphone OFDM Ambient sound The receiver:

49. 49 Receiver recovery

50. Primary mic.Vibration V V Vibration recovery at receiver

51. Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Vibration recovery at receiver

52. Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S S Vibration recovery at receiver

53. Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S S - V Vibration recovery at receiver

54. V Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S” Adaptiv e Filter Vibration recovery at receiver

55. V Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S” Adaptiv e Filter V”+ V” Vibration recovery at receiver

56. V Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S” Adaptiv e Filter V”+ V” Vibration recovery at receiver Signal sources are correlated

57. V Primary mic.Vibration Sound V+S V S Secondary mic. S” Adaptiv e Filter V”+ V” Vibration recovery at receiver Symbol Selective Adaptive Filtering Signal sources are correlated

58. Vibration recovery at receiver Amplitude Frequency Ambient sound Vibration frequency bins Noise is sparse in frequency

59. Vibration recovery at receiver Amplitude Frequency Ambient sound Vibration frequency bins Noise is sparse in frequency Static channel between the sensors H Primary mic. Secondary mic.

60. Selected bins (primary mic.) Selected bins (secondary mic.) Adaptiv e Filter Corrected bins Vibration recovery at receiver

61. 61 MAC Layer

62. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 Packet 02 Packet 01 Transmitter side Receiver side MAC layer rate control 1

63. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 Packet 02 Packet 01 ACK Interference sensing Transmitter side Receiver side MAC layer rate control 2

64. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 Packet 02 Packet 01 ACK Interference sensing Transmitter side Receiver side MAC layer rate control

67. Back- EMF MAC layer rate control

68. Back- EMF MAC layer rate control

69. Back- EMF MAC layer rate control Symbol 01 “Listening through a Vibration Motor” Nirupam Roy, Romit Roy Choudhury [MobiSys 2016]

70. Back- EMF MAC layer rate control

71. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 OFDM symbols MAC layer rate control Low “Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio” (SINR)

72. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 02 OFDM symbols Corrupted symbols MAC layer rate control

73. Symbol 07Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 04Symbol 03Symbol 02Symbol 01 Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 02Symbol 06Symbol 05Symbol 02 Symbol 08 Symbol 07 Symbol 09 OFDM symbols Corrupted symbols Symbol retransmission MAC layer rate control

74. Thank You (Show Videos)