1. Reconstruction 1865-1877

2. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Based on Leniency Announced in Dec. 1863 All Confederates would receive pardon who swore allegiance – Exception for high-ranking officials & crimes against POW New state gov’t can be formed after 10% take oath Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Virginia

3. Wade-Davis Bill Congress opposed Lincoln’s Plan and created their own – July 1864 – Too lenient and didn’t protect former slaves Majority of population must take loyalty oath State must formally abolish slavery No Confederate officials can participate in Gov’t Pocket Vetoed by Lincoln

4. Johnson’s Reconstruction Sworn in after Lincoln’s assassination Announced in May 1865 Largely followed Lincoln’s Plan except: – Excluded high ranking officials AND wealthy plantation owners from taking oath – Personally pardoned more than 13,000 Confederates Felt that “white men alone must manage the South” States must abolish slavery to be readmitted States must repeal secession

5. Radical Reconstruction Refused to allow Representatives from Confederate states admitted under Presidential Reconstruction plans 1866 – voted to enlarge Freedman’s Bureau 1866 – passed Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Granted citizenship to blacks and banned discriminatory laws Johnson vetoed both bills

6. Radical Reconstruction cont. Congress overrode both vetoes Drafted 14 th Amendment – Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any US citizen Designed to overturn and Nullify Dred Scott decision of 1857 Impeached President Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act when he removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton. Senate vote fell short of removing him from office Introduced 15 th Amendment after US Grant elected President in 1868 – Ratified in 1870 it prevented states from denying vote based on “race, color, or previous conditions of servitude”

7. Reconstruction Act of 1867 Divided Confederacy into 5 military districts – Authorized use of military to enforce States required to give blacks the right to vote Required ratification of 14 th Amendment Johnson vetoed but Congress able to override the veto

8. Impact of Reconstruction Scalawags – Southerners who joined Republican Party Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the war Black voting rights – 90% supported Republican party (voted for Grant) Freeman’s Bureau – helped create and run schools for ex-slaves 16 blacks elected to Congress from South – Hiram Revals the first Sharecropping – former slaves provided a few acres, seeds and tools to work land owned by others. Paid with portion of their crops Rise of the KKK lead to Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 – Provided Federal supervision of elections and Use of troops in Klan controlled areas 1872 – Amnesty Act returns right to vote and hold public office to 150k former Confederates – Freedman’s Bureau allowed to expire – Leads to growth in power of Southern Democrats

9. Election of 1876 Democrat – Samuel Tilden Republican – Rutherford B Hayes Tilden wins Popular Vote but doesn’t earn enough Electoral Votes Southern Democrats agree to support Hayes in return for removal of Federal troops Hayes becomes President and reconstruction officially ends