1. Review Game

2. Define/Explain:  Ellis Island  Angel Island

3. Define/Explain:  Ellis Island  Immigration processing station in New York  Processed millions of immigrants around the turn of the century  Angel Island  Immigration processing station outside of San Francisco  Processed immigrants from Asia

4. Define:  Americanization Movement

5. Define:  Americanization Movement  Designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture  Sponsored by the government  Volunteer programs were started to teach immigrants skills for citizenship-English literacy, American history/government, social etiquette and more.

6. What were settlement houses? How was Jane Addams connected to them?

7.  Settlement Houses:  Started and sponsored by the Social Gospel movement  Settlement houses were community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in need-mainly immigrants  Had programs/classes to help in literacy, health, English, etc.  Jane Addams:  Founded Chicago’s Hull House in 1889 with Ellen Gates Starr-she was one of the most influential members of the Social Gospel Movement

8. Define:  Graft:  Patronage:

9. Define:  Graft:  Illegal use of political influence for personal gain  Patronage:  The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected

10. What was a political machine? How did the function?

11.  A political machine was an organized group that ran a political party in a city  Political machines also offered services and jobs to voters in exchange for political and financial support  Political machines were often corrupt and took advantage of those who were less fortunate- immigrants and the urban poor  Political machines were led by a political boss

12. Explain the Tammany Hall political Machine and Boss Tweed

13.  Tammany Hall:  The name of a New York City political machine led by Boss Tweed  There was a scandal surrounding the construction of the New York City Courthouse  Scandal involved extravagant use of graft  Tweed and company embezzled $10 million from the project  Outcome:  Thomas Nast, cartoonist, helped to expose Tweed and the issue with Tammany Hall  Showed the public that political machines were corrupt

14. What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?

15.  Came out in 1883  Authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs though a merit system based on candidates’ performance on an examination  Had mixed results:  Public administration become more honest and efficient  Politicians turned to other means for donations for campaigning

16. Define:  Nativism

17. Define:  Nativism: overt favoritism towards native born Americans  Gave rise to anti-immigrant groups  Led to demand for immigration restrictions

18. Explain the Gentlemen’s Agreement:

19.  In 1907-1908, Japan and the U.S. agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the U.S. in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order

20. Explain problems of urbanization

21.  Housing:  Shortage of housing for many in big cities  Led to construction of tenements, multifamily urban dwellings  Transportation:  Mass Transit: designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes  Water and Sanitation:  Cleaning up sewage issues, preventing illness  Crime rates soared  Fire-hard to combat once started

22. What was debt peonage?

23.  This was a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer

24. What was segregation?

25.  The practice of separating races in public and private facilities  “Separate but Equal.”  Led to other things, like Jim Crow Laws, etc…

26. What were some of the effects of segregation?

27.  Jim Crow Laws:  Laws guaranteeing the separation of races in many Southern States  Covered many aspects of life-education, doctors, etc.  Voting Restrictions  Poll Taxes: Paying a tax to be allowed to vote  Literacy Test: have to pass to vote  Grandfather clauses: to prevent newly freed slaves from voting  Lynching and other violence to intimidate  Ku Klux Klan

28. What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

29.  This act banned entry to all Chinese immigrants except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

30. Identify the following people:  W.E.B. DuBois  Ida B. Wells  Booker T. Washington  Chester Arthur

31. Identify the following people:  W.E.B. DuBois  First African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard- disagreed with Washington’s gradual approach to combating racism  Ida B. Wells  Worked as a reporter and fought against racial injustice  Booker T. Washington  African American educator-believed racism would end once all blacks proved their value to whites  Chester Arthur  Became president when Garfield was assassinated. In office, he became a reformer and switched his viewpoints

32. Explain the events of Plessy v. Ferguson

33.  Plessy bought a ticket to ride a train in Louisiana  He sat in the “white section” of the train and was arrested  He sued the company, saying that segregation was illegal  Supreme Court Involvement:  The case made it to the Supreme Court. They ruled that segregation was legal as long as things were “separate but equal.”  This decision set the tone for the next 50-60 years and let all segregation laws (Jim Crow Laws) stand as being Constitutional