1. Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

2. Lincoln’s 10% Plan (presented in 1863) Treat South with compassion 10% of voters in states swear loyalty to the Union Offered amnesty to those swearing loyalty Favored equal rights for African Amer.

3. Radical Republican’s Plan: Wade-Davis Bill Punish the South Must be broken up to rebuild it Favored equal rights for African Amer.

4. Johnson’s Plan Pardoned most Southerners Must ratify the 13 th Amendment to rejoin He was a Southerner against equal rights for African Americans Set up new state governments

5. 3 Goals of Reconstruction Readmit states to the Union Rebuild the South Protect African Americans’ rights

6. Obstacles to Reconstruction Assassination of President Lincoln Democratic President (Andrew Johnson) vs. Republican Congress Resistance in the South

7. Reconstruction Acts Divided rebelling states into 5 military districts (Tennessee was excluded) States were required to ratify the 13 th and 14 th amendments to be reamitted

8. The Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Purpose was to help African Americans adjust to life after slavery Provided education, food, clothing, and medical care

10. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Passed to combat Black Codes Granted citizenship to African Americans and other minorities (except Native Americans) Gave federal government power to get involved in states to protect rights of African Americans First U.S. law that protected minorities

11. 13 th Amendment (1865) - FREE Abolished slavery

12. 14 th Amendment (1868) - CITIZENS All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens Made former slaves citizens All citizens are entitled to equal protection of the laws

13. 15 th Amendment (1870) - VOTE Governments could not deny any male citizen the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

14. Conditions in the South after Civil War Economy was wrecked, banks failed, and paper money had little to no value. Railroads, farms, homes, and many businesses were destroyed

15. Rise of the New South Developed more of an industrial economy Attempted to diversify agriculture

16. Black Codes (1865) Laws designed to limit the freedom and power of African Americans

17. Hiram Rhodes Revels First African American elected to the Senate. He was elected as Senator from Mississippi in 1870

18. Voting Restrictions Poll Taxes Literary Tests

19. Jim Crow Laws – “Separate but Equal” Segregation: Laws that separated the races and favored White people Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as African Americans had access to public places equal to those of whites

20. Racist Reactions Lynchings – mobs would hang people KKK – organized in 1866 to intimidate political leaders and African Americans

21. 5 Military Districts The 10 defiant states who had not ratified the 14 th Amendment were divided into military districts. Each district would be governed by an army general. The army would guarantee African American men the right to vote Tennessee was not included because it had ratified the 14 th Amendment

22. Impeachment of President Johnson Johnson (Democrat) had many conflicts with the Radical Republicans and he opposed the Reconstruction Acts. As Commander of the military, he had control over the military and wanted to get rid of the secretary of War. Congress passed a law forbidding the President to fire one of his staff without their approval. He did it anyway House of Representatives voted to impeach him

23. Result of the Impeachment The Senate did not have the 2/3 vote it needed to convict the president Many Senators believed it was wrong to remove a President for political reasons