1. Best Practice on supporting informal sector women cross-border traders 2 ND EAC CONFERENCE ON THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND IN BUSINESS Held at 20 th – 21 st August 2015, Kenyatta Convention Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

2. The paper is organised as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the scope and key features of informal cross-border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa

3. What is informal trade? Informal trade thus refers to goods traded by formal and informal firms that are unrecorded on official government records and that fully or partly evade payment of duties and charges. It is difficult to get an accurate and aggregate overview of the extent of informal cross- border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (and elsewhere) due to the lack of consistent measurement tools and reliable estimates on the subject.

4. It is mainly conducted by individual traders (a large proportion of which are women) and micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises and often consists of small consignments. Some of these traders operate entirely outside the formal economy; others are registered domestically yet escape fully or partially trade-related regulations and duties (e.g., they avoid official border posts or pass through such posts yet resort to illegal practices such as under-invoicing, misclassification of goods and misdeclaration of country of origin).

5. KEY MESSAGES “Women informal cross border traders keep African markets going!” “Governments, Regional Economic Communities and development partners should enhance their opportunities to benefit from regional trading agreements” “Empowering women informal cross border traders will have a multiplier effect on poverty reduction, employment creation, intra-African trade and regional integration

6. Women informal cross border traders make an important contribution to economic growth and government revenues. Women informal cross border traders address vital issues of livelihoods such as food and income security, yet they are neglected by mainstream trade policies and institutions, thus undermining the profitability and visibility of their activities

7. Key Messages Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) can help alleviate poverty and enhance regional food security; Africa should enhance its data collection and analytical capabilities on the ICBT sector in order to design more appropriate policy responses; ICBT which produces positive socio-economic ramifications should not be criminalized; and ICBT should be streamlined in national and regional trade strategies.

8. Promising practises In Rwanda, the Peace Basket Initiative provided women with skills for high quality production and linked women basket producers at local level to global markets. The baskets are now being sold in Macys, one of the biggest department stores in New York. ■ In Liberia, the Sirleaf Market Women’s Fund has rebuilt women’s markets destroyed during the conflict and provided literacy training to women traders. ■ In Cameroon, the Government has prioritised support to women informal cross border traders, providing them with information and services in support of their activities. Women

9. GAPS Women informal cross border traders still suffer from invisibility, stigmatisation, violence, harassment, poor working conditions and lack of recognition of their economic contribution. By ignoring women’s informal trading activities, African countries are neglecting a significant proportion of their trade. There is need to address the issue of informality in mainstream trade policy making and to strengthen the notion that women informal traders are also an important client of Ministries of trade and regional economic communities

10. GAPS-DATA RELATED CHALLENGES Data related challenges compound the adequate reflection of women’s trading activities in national accounting systems and statistical databases of the Regional Economic Communities (REC). All the economic transactions taking place at the borders are not systematically documented in terms of data and statistics, making it difficult to capture and understand the different dynamics at play to inform trade policies and processes.

11. GAPS Trade-related institutions, services and resources in support of women’s trading activities remain weak as evidenced by the limited access of women traders to credit facilities, foreign currency exchange, transport services, information on market opportunities and trade rules and Protocols, child care facilities in cross border markets, and lack of infrastructure for storage of agricultural commodities in cross border markets.