1. Genrich Altshuller (1926-1998) TRIZ - The Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems
Similar technological problems gave rise to similar patents.
Treads of system evolution: “The Eight Laws of Engineered Systems Evolution.”
Inventions are vastly different in their degrees of inventiveness.

2. Wasteless Processing of Wood Beam Partitioning followed by integration
Wood Waist
Partitioning followed by integration
Wood Beam
Round logs are formed into rectangular beams (thus avoiding waste) by sawing them into triangular sectors and then gluing two sectors

3. Partitioning followed by integration
Bullet proof glass in an aircraft
Partitioning followed by integration
Bullet-proof glass windows used on fighter aircraft initially had a serious defect. When a bullet hit the window a network of cracks would form and obstruct vision.  
Now the windows are formed of smaller panes of glass, cemented to an acrylic plastic sheet. Transparent adhesive is used to join the edges of the glass panes. When a bullet hits, only the affected pane is covered by cracks.

4. Inventive Principles

5. Principle #5 Merging http://www.fordewind.spb.ru/seiskarif.htm

6. Sweet pepper canning method
Ideas Transition
Given system
Filter cleaning
A filter used to treat fine-grained sand consists of a tube whose walls are coated with a porous, felt-like material. When air passes through the tube, the sand particles are trapped in the pores
Problem: Cleaning such a filter is difficult
Idea: Use slow increase of the pressure inside the chamber followed by abrupt pressure drop.
System - analog
Sweet pepper canning method
Before sweet peppers can be canned, the stalk and seeds must be separated from the pod.
Problem: This was done manually in the past – automation was difficult to implement because the pods are non-uniform in shape and size.
Idea: In a modern canning method, the peppers are placed in an air-tight container, in which pressure is gradually increased to 8 atm; the pods shrink, resulting in fracturing at the weakest point, where the pod bottom joins the stalk. Compressed air penetrates the peppers at the fractures, and the pressure inside and outside the peppers equalizes. The pressure in the container is then quickly reduced; the pod bursts at its weakest point (which has been further weakened by fractures) and the pod bottom is ejected, taking the seeds with it.

7. TRIZ Basic Foundational Principles
Ideality =
(useful functions FU ‘ harmful functions FH)
Contradictions
Maximal use of resources
Σ Functionality `
Σ Costs + Σ Harm
Psychological inertia is analogous to what Thomas S. Kuhn in his book,
כל מערכת נבנתה כדי לספק פעולה. מופיע בנוסחה של מערכת אידאלית.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
defines as one’s paradigms. Kuhn defines a paradigm as “the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques and so on shared by the members of a given community.” The danger of paradigms is that they confine the solution space to the area inside the paradigm. An engineer competent in mechanics, for example, is unlikely to search for a solution in chemistry; it’s outside his paradigm.

8. TRIZ - The Method Inventive problem solving process example
Ideal system – Ideal functions performance no harmful effects:
Functional analysis Create a function model of a system to Identify and define problems in terms of contradictions
Solve problems using the Contradiction Matrix Theory, Separation Principles, Standard inventive solutions, Knowledge base of physical, chemical geometrical effects, etc..

9. What are the basic technical system components
What are the basic technical system components? System completeness: the minimal composition of a viable and operable technical system that presents and performs minimal working efficiency.
Source of power
Engine
Product
Working
Unit / Tool
Transmission
What is the energy supplied through?
Were is the energy supplied from?
Where is the energy supplied to?
הגדרות של מערכת
צבר של אלמנטים = טבעיים או מלאכותיים
הקשורים זה בזה כדי לייצר ולקיים פעולה המוגדרת ע"י אדם.
מהי מערכת טכנולוגית?
לפי הטרמינולוגיה של TRIZ מערכת טכנולוגית מורכבת מחלקים בעלי תכונות שונות אשר מטרתם למלא פונקציה – תפקיד מוגדר ע"י האדם.
המרכיבים הבסיסיים: מנוע, תמסורת, בקרה, מכשיר/כלי
What is processed?
Control Unit
Which component manage the features of others?

10. Component Analysis Interaction Analysis Function Modeling
Function Analysis
Component Analysis
Interaction Analysis
Function Modeling
תהליך זיהוי בעיה המצאתית
רישום ומיפוי מרכיבי המערכת
סיווג יחסי גומלין בין חלקי המערכת
ניתוח תפקודי של המרכיבים
זיהוי הפרמטרים המשתנים בפעילות המערכת
זיהוי "סתירות"
פתרון סתירות (בהרצאה הבאה...)

11. Film Dispenser ― Function Analysis: Component Model
System
Supersystem
Slide bearings
External objects
Lid with slot
Roll
Film
Box
User’s hands
Blade 11

12. Function Types
The goal of function analysis is to identify specific disadvantages of an object - namely, harmful functions as well as useful functions performed insufficiently, and those that are performed excessively.
Useful
Subject
Object
Harmful
Subject
Object
Excessive
Subject
Object
Insufficient
Subject
Object

13. Film Dispenser ― Function Analysis: Function Model
Box
Stops
External objects
Holds
Holds
Stops
Slide bearings
Lid with slot
Hold
Snub
Snubs
Directs
Deforms
Roll
Holds
Film
Rotates
Pull
Tear
Holds
Blade
Cuts
User’s hands 13

14. Component and Functional Analysis Example Function model for the filter system of an existing vacuum cleaner
The example shows that the paper filter bag has the harmful effect “hinder air flow”. The motor protection filter also hinders the air
flow and is needed for protecting the motor from the dust, thus eliminating the smell of “burned” dust.
By reducing the harmful action (“hinder air flow”) of the two filters, the energy consumption of the vacuum cleaner during the use phase is decreased and is, therefore, one goal of the product developer.
Contradiction: “good filter quality” and “low air resistance” of the filter system

15. Contradictions
Every system consists conflicts, in TRIZ they are called: contradictions. For example weight vs. strength, speed vs. precision. An inventive solution satisfies both requirements.
The contradiction occurs when we are trying to improve one parameter or characteristic of a technique (a technical system - TS or/and a technological process -TP) and then the same or other characteristics or parameters of the technique are affected negatively.

16. Technical Contradiction Parameter A improves, B gets worse.

17. Physical Contradiction
A physical contradiction is a situation where a single parameter needs to be in opposite physical states, e.g., it needs to be Thin and Thick, Hot and Cold, Moving and Motionless, Conducive and not Conductive at the same time.

18. Physical contradictions
Functional
Material and Energetic
Geometric
Throw vs Catch
Big vs Small
Long vs Short
Pull vs Push
Density
Symmetrical vs Asymmetrical
Hot vs Cold
Conductivity
Parallel vs Intersecting
Fast vs Slow
Temperature
Thin vs Thick
Move vs Stay
Time
Round vs Noncircular
Strong vs Weak
Viscosity
Sharp vs Dull
Soft vs Hard
Power
Narrow vs Wide
Cheap vs Expensive
Friction
Horizontal vs Vertical

19. Resolving Physical Contradictions
1. Separating Contradictory Demands:
Separation in Time
Separation in Space
Separation upon condition
Separation in System Level between system and is components
2. Satisfying Contradictory Demands
3. Bypassing Contradictory Demands

20. Problem solving example
How to miniaturize the size of the printer?
Restriction of reduction in the printer size is the standard width of the most widespread А4 paper which makes 210 mm.
Contradiction: The printer should be the size of an А4 paper dimensions and should be less then the dimensions of an A4 paper in order to be portable.
The contradiction was resolved by separation in space by using a geometrical effect. The sheet of a paper can be rolled up in a tube using less space.

21. Portable Printer Solution #1
The printer head in formed in a circle. Printer-ring stretches out the sheet of a paper roll up in a tube. The new printer is almost three times less, than its portable competitors working under the old circuit.

22. Portable Printer Solution #2
The contradiction it is resolved in structure change.
Inventive Principle - Inversion.
The printer moves, not the paper.
It is possible to produce a very small printer that can print one character at a time. The printer can be moved manually.

23. Portable Printer Solution #2
The printer RMPT™ (Random Movement Printing Technology) the world's smallest and only fully format-independent printer. If the image is too wide to get in a single pass, you can move the printer back over the paper again to fill in the rest.

24. The Driving Forces of Technological Evolution Ideality, Innovation, Consumers, Resources