1. Good Morning/Afternoon 9-22-09 9-22-09 Warm-up Warm-up List five facts about sugar that stood out to you. Why did they stand out to you? List five facts about sugar that stood out to you. Why did they stand out to you?

2. Monotheist Religions and Democratic Ideals Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Prologue Section 2

3. Judaism Hebrews: the people who came to be known later as Hebrews: the people who came to be known later as Jewish Jewish ● Torah: The holy book of the Jewish faith The Torah are the first 5 books of the Old The Torah are the first 5 books of the Old Testament in the Christian Bible Testament in the Christian Bible

4. Judaism The world’s first Monotheistic religion: The world’s first Monotheistic religion: Monotheism: Belief in and worship of only one god Monotheism: Belief in and worship of only one god Other cultures around Hebrews were still Polytheists: belief in many gods Other cultures around Hebrews were still Polytheists: belief in many gods

5. Judaism Prophet Abraham: 2000 BC begins the Jewish faith Prophet Abraham: 2000 BC begins the Jewish faith Judaism: first religion to Judaism: first religion to preach the need to live a preach the need to live a morally good life morally good life

6. Judaism Preached: each person had dignity and worth based on the fact they were born Preached: each person had dignity and worth based on the fact they were born Preached: Each human possessed moral freedom; Free Will Preached: Each human possessed moral freedom; Free Will Each individual is Each individual is responsible for their responsible for their own moral decisions own moral decisions

7. Judaism Greeks and Romans: believed people had dignity and worth only if they could reason and/or contribute to the greatness of society Greeks and Romans: believed people had dignity and worth only if they could reason and/or contribute to the greatness of society This is contrast to Jewish ideals: each person had worth based on the fact they were alive! This is contrast to Jewish ideals: each person had worth based on the fact they were alive!

8. Assignment Page 16, questions 1-3

9. Good morning/Afternoon 9-24-09 Warm-up 20 things you didn’t know about money

10. Hebrew Code Laws that govern the Jewish faith Laws that govern the Jewish faith Focused on the demand of ethical and moral behavior Focused on the demand of ethical and moral behavior Included demands on social and religious behavior: rulers were subject too Included demands on social and religious behavior: rulers were subject too Stated that each individual had to choose between good and evil and answer for those decisions in the afterlife Stated that each individual had to choose between good and evil and answer for those decisions in the afterlife

11. Prophets They emerged in the 8 th Century BC They emerged in the 8 th Century BC People are People are capable of high moral standards Help those in Help those inneed Jewish people believed they were Teachers and messengers from God Jewish people believed they were Teachers and messengers from God Preached against war, oppression, and greed Preached against war, oppression, and greed Argued for people to oppose injustice and inequality Argued for people to oppose injustice and inequality

12. Christianity Jesus of Nazareth: born sometime between 6-4 BC Jesus of Nazareth: born sometime between 6-4 BC Both a Jew and a Roman subject Both a Jew and a Roman subject Became a Jewish rabbi: Preacher Became a Jewish rabbi: Preacher Stressed the need for Monotheism: Stressed the need for Monotheism: Belief in one god ● Preached the need for each individual to have a personal relationship with God

13. Jesus of Nazareth Stressed the importance of loving one’s neighbor; treating them as one wants them self to be treated; Also stressed the importance of one loving their enemies Stressed the importance of loving one’s neighbor; treating them as one wants them self to be treated; Also stressed the importance of one loving their enemies Stressed the need to repent sins and reject wickedness; Taught followers that eternal happiness would be achieved to those who took care of weaker citizens and lived moral life Stressed the need to repent sins and reject wickedness; Taught followers that eternal happiness would be achieved to those who took care of weaker citizens and lived moral life

14. Jesus Christ Upon his death he became known as Jesus Christ: Greek title for “One who is anointed” Upon his death he became known as Jesus Christ: Greek title for “One who is anointed” Actual name was Yehoshua ben Yosef : Hebrew for: “Joshua, son of Joseph” Actual name was Yehoshua ben Yosef : Hebrew for: “Joshua, son of Joseph” New religion of Christianity spread after his death (ca. 32 AD) New religion of Christianity spread after his death (ca. 32 AD)

15. Paul the Apostle 10-67 AD 10-67 AD Was from modern-day Turkey Was from modern-day Turkey

16. Paul the Apostle Spoke both Greek and Latin: greatly aided him in spreading Christianity throughout the Roman World 1 st Century AD Spoke both Greek and Latin: greatly aided him in spreading Christianity throughout the Roman World 1 st Century AD Traveled from region Traveled from region to region teaching to region teaching Christianity to Christianity to Gentiles (non-Jews) Gentiles (non-Jews) Before Paul the first Before Paul the first Christians were in Christians were in fact Jews fact Jews

17. Paul the Apostle Christianity was a religion anyone could join: different from early Judaism which was only for ethnic Hebrews Christianity was a religion anyone could join: different from early Judaism which was only for ethnic Hebrews ● Paul was responsible for many Gentiles converting to Christianity stressed equality of all human beings, salvation in the afterlife: As Christians and Jews were expelled from homelands by Romans they spread Monotheistic beliefs to other parts of the world

18. Good Morning/Afternoon 9-25-09 Warm-up 1. What is the Greek title for Jesus Christ? 2. What Apostle was fluent in both Greek and Latin? What country was he from? Yehoshua ben Yosef’s early life. What were two things from the notes that he stressed? 3. Describe Yehoshua ben Yosef’s early life. What were two things from the notes that he stressed? Notebook Prep

19. Islam Monotheistic Religion Monotheistic Religion Founded by Prophet Muhammad ca. 609 AD Founded by Prophet Muhammad ca. 609 AD Islam: Arabic for “Surrender to God” Islam: Arabic for “Surrender to God” Muslim: Arabic for “One who surrenders” Muslim: Arabic for “One who surrenders” Islam developed in modern-day Saudi Arabia Islam developed in modern-day Saudi Arabia

20. Islam Allah: Arabic for “God” Allah: Arabic for “God”

21. Kaaba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) Holiest Place on earth according to Islam According to Islamic belief: Kaaba was built by Prophet Abraham to honor Allah (God) According to Islamic belief: Kaaba was built by Prophet Abraham to honor Allah (God)

22. Islam Teachings very similar to Judaism and Christianity Teachings very similar to Judaism and Christianity Dignity of all human beings Dignity of all human beings Brotherhood of all people Brotherhood of all people Belief in equality of all Belief in equality of all Belief in acceptance and tolerance of all Belief in acceptance and tolerance of all From the same line of prophecy as Judaism and Christianity From the same line of prophecy as Judaism and Christianity

23. 5 Pillars of Islam Belief in only one God: Allah Belief in only one God: Allah 5 times daily prayer, facing Mecca, Saudi Arabia 5 times daily prayer, facing Mecca, Saudi Arabia Giving Alms to the poor, based on income Giving Alms to the poor, based on income Fast during daylight hours during the holy month of Ramadan Fast during daylight hours during the holy month of Ramadan Hajj: Every Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj: Every Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca

24. Islam Muslim rulers expected to follow same laws as Muslim citizens Muslim rulers expected to follow same laws as Muslim citizens Muslim rulers expected to obey 5 Pillars of Islam just as Muslim citizens Muslim rulers expected to obey 5 Pillars of Islam just as Muslim citizens Judaism, Christianity, Islam share very similar ideals and contributed to rise in democratic ideals of equality, fairness, and justice Judaism, Christianity, Islam share very similar ideals and contributed to rise in democratic ideals of equality, fairness, and justice