1. Summer Tree ID Made Easy Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D. (“Sandy”) Extension Specialist Natural Resources and Youth Education School of Forest Resources Penn State Cooperative Extension

2. Tree ID, why? Diagnosis Management Right ___ Fun

3. Tree ID Year ‘round

4. What can we use? Sometimes –Leaves –Flowers –Fruit All times (almost) –Bark –Location –Shape –Size –Shape –Smell –Taste – TWIG!!!!

5. Leaf Terminology

6. blade leaf midrib petiole stipule bud stem Simple Leaf rachis leaflet petiolule bud Compound Leaf

7. Leaf Types

8. Broad and flat

9. Needles

10. Scale & awl-like

11. Leaf-type Comparison

12. Leaf Arrangement

13. Alternate

14. Opposite

15. Whorled

16. Leaf Arrangement Comparison

17. Leaf Structure

18. Compound Leaflet Arrangements Palmately Compound EvenPinnate Bipinnately Compound

19. Leaf margins Dentate EntireDouble serrate Lobed Serrate

20. Leave the Leaves!

21. Fruit types Achene Acorn (nut) Double and Single Samara Nut Legume Capsule Pome Drupe Berry

22. Tree Shapes Branches: PendulantAscending Willow White Oak

23. Parts of a twig Buds (scales, size, arrangement) Leaf scars (shape, size, vascular bundle scars) Stipule scars (presence, size) Lenticels (visibility) Pith (cross section shape & longitudinal appearance)

24. Pith types

25. Bud Types

26. Identification Time

27. Tree ID with a Key to the Leaves One decision at a time

28. Identification keys Dichotomous key –most common type of key –simplistic and complex use –one decision at a time –On-line example

29. 4-H Summer Key to PA Trees Direct Online Link: http://downloads.cas.psu.edu/4H/ Summerkeyfortrees.pdf

30. Leaf Terminology blade leaf petiole bud stem Simple Leaf rachis leaflet petiolule bud Compound Leaf

31. Leaf Arrangement Comparison

32. Lets practice!

33. Hint: opposite

34. Red Maple Acer rubrum

35. Red Maple

36. Hint: opposite

37. Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

38. Sugar Maple

39. Hint: alternate

40. Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra

41. Northern Red Oak

42. Hint: opposite

43. Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum

44. Horse Chestnut

46. Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

47. Eastern Hemlock

48. Hint: lvs. alternate, sap not milky

49. Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia

50. Black Locust

51. Hint: opposite

52. Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida

53. Flowering Dogwood

54. Hint: alternate

55. White Oak Quercus alba

56. White Oak

57. Red Oak

58. Hint: alternate

59. American Beech Fagus grandifolia

60. American Beech

61. (one bundle joined by a small papery sheath at base)

62. Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus

63. Eastern White Pine

64. Clue: alternate, sap not milky

65. Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis

66. Bitternut Hickory

67. Hint: opposite

68. White Ash

69. Hint: alternate / hairy

70. Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis

71. Yellow Birch

72. Hint: alternate/hairy Sweet (Black) Birch ID Slide

73. Sweet (Black) Birch Betula lenta

74. Sweet (Black) Birch

76. Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana

77. Eastern Redcedar

78. Hint: lvs. alternate, rough, and hairy

79. American Elm Ulmus americana

80. American Elm

81. Hint: 3 lvs. shown, alternate

82. Sassafras Sassafras albidum

83. Sassafras

84. Hint: lvs. alternate

85. Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua

86. Sweetgum

87. Hint: lvs. alternate, milky sap in leaf stalk

88. Norway Maple Acer platanoides

89. Norway Maple

90. Hint: leaves do not have stalks

91. Balsam Fir Abies balsamea

92. Balsam Fir

94. Norway Spruce Picea abies

95. Norway Spruce

96. Balsam Fir Norway Spruce Fir versus Spruce

97. Hint: lvs. alternate, not hairy, margins have fine teeth; leaf stalks have glands. (Single leaf) (Branch)

98. Black Cherry Prunus serotina

99. Black Cherry

100. Hint: lvs. alternate, sap not milky, leaves hairy

101. Black Walnut Juglans nigra

102. Black Walnut

104. American Larch Larix laricina

105. American Larch

106. Hint: lvs. alternate

107. Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

108. Yellow-poplar

109. Hint: lvs. alternate, milky sap

110. Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra

111. Smooth Sumac

112. Prepared by Paul Roth, Former Research Assistant, Rance Harmon, Former Extension Associate, and Sanford Smith, Forest Resources Extension Specialist, The Pennsylvania State University, School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Acknowledgements Idea development and review: Jason Hall, Sandra Insalaco, and Cecile Stelter – Service Foresters – Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry Review: James Finley, The Pennsylvania State University School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Images provided courtesy of Virginia Tech & The University of Wisconsin. Line art courtesy of The Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences and the Pennsylvania 4-H Program Reference s Common Trees of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Eastern Region, Knolph, Alfred A. Inc. 1980 Virginia Tech Dendrological Web Page, www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htmlwww.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.html University of Wisconsin, botanical images, www.wisc.edu/botit/dendrology/names.htmlwww.wisc.edu/botit/dendrology/names.html Textbook of Dendrology. Harlow, Harrar & White. 1978. McGraw-Hill Book Company Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Dirr. Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce. © The Pennsylvania State University, 2009

113. Sanford S. Smith (“Sandy”) sss5@psu.edu 1-800-235-9473

114. Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce