1. Science & Technology Investment and its Achievements in Korea September 11, 2008 Yong I. Song, Ph. D Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST)

2. O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

3. Innovation 48% Labor 20% Capital 28% Key Elements for Economic Growth(2006)

4. 4,747 (6th) Number of Patents Secured Abroad 179,812 (6th)Researchers (Full Time) 19,394 (14th)Number of SCI Papers $1,625 million/$4,525 millionExport/Import of Technology 2.99 (3th) 25 : 75 $24 billion (7th) R&D Expenditure/GDP (%) Government vs. Private GERD (US$, Million) ( ) : world rank Research & Development Scoreboard Scientific/Technological Competitiveness : 12 th / 6 th (’06 IMD)

5. China Ireland 24681012141618 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 1.00 U.K. KOREA France Singapore Taiwan Germany U.S.A Japan Finland Average of OECD Total researcher per 1,000 total employment (FTE, persons) Ratio expenditure to GDP (%) source) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2005/1 Korea’s Position of R/D Investment

6. Enterprise $18,106M (75%) Public Institution $2,589M (13%) University $1,922M (10%) Enterprise $14,864M (77%) 51% 34% 15% 97% 2% 7% 7% 86% 1% Overseas $95M (0.7%) Flow of R/D Expenditure Government $6,035M (25%)

7. 200520001990198019701963 1966 Major R/D Statistics *R&D / GNP 24 : 76 23,580 2.99 234,702 (FTE: 179,812) 21 10,270 159,973 (FTE: 108,370) 70,50318,4345,628 25 : 75 13,849 2.39 20 7,110 4,676 19 : 81 1.87 16 843 428 64 : 36 0.77* 11 65 33 71 : 29 0.38* 2 - 4 97 : 3 0.25* 0 - GERD (US$, Million) R&D / GDP (%) Government vs. Private Public Institutions Corporate Institutions Researcher (Persons)

8. source) MOST, Report on the survey of R&D in S&T, 2005 40 years History of R/D Expenditure Fund Source) - Gov. & Public : 25% - Private sector : 75%

9. R/D Capacity of Private Sector R/D Centers in companies have increased 120 times in 23 years! 100(1982)  11,810(2005) Major companies rank at high position of R&D investment(2004) - Samsung Electronics: $ 4,637M (4 th ) - Hyundai Motors: $ 1,834M (15 th ) - LG Electronics: $ 1,458M (7 th ) - SK Telecom: $ 259M (9 th ) R&D investment of enterprises increased by 7 times since 1982 - ~ 2.7 trillion(1982)  ~ 18.6 trillion(2005)

10. Past Catch-up mode Quantity of resources Manufacturing technologies R&D funding Cultivation of R&D actors Establishment of Institutions Government-led system Unbalance among sectors Centralized system Promotion of S&T Future Knowledge generation Quality of resources Fundamental technologies R&D infrastructure Networking of R&D actors Advance of Institutions Private sector-led system Balance among sectors Decentralized system Beyond S&T

11. O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

12. Achievement in Electronics Electronic Switchboard  World 10 th TDX-1 (1982), commercialization(1986 )  TDX-10 development (1991)  ISDN, ATM switchboard (1990’s) 27 Mobile Communication(CDMA)  Joint develeopment w/ Qualcom  CDMA source technology & commercialization  WiBro development (2000’s)

13. Semiconductor Technology 64K DRAM(‘83) 256K DRAM(‘84)1M DRAM(‘86) 4M DRAM(‘89)16M DRAM(‘91)64M DRAM(‘93) 256M DRAM(‘95) Telecommunication Technology TDX-1 (‘86) TDX-10 (‘91)ISDN service(‘95) CDMA (‘97) Computer & Information Technology Wordprocessor(‘83) 8bit Educ-PC(‘84)16b UNIX Com(‘84) Olympic Sys.(‘88)TICOM-I(‘91)TICOM-III(‘94) 1Giga DRAM IMT2000 Med.-size Comp. BcN, WiBro 28

14. Atomic Energy  Reactor : 200t plant (‘88)  Heavy water reactor (‘89)  Nuclear reactor “Hanaro” (‘95) 29 Satellite Development  Multi-purpose Satellite “Arirang 1” (‘99)  Surveillance, scientific tests, etc.  1 st astronaut (‘07) Achievement in Atomic Energy & Satellite

15. Heavy industrial machines LNG ship(‘90’s) WIG(Wing in Ground Craft)(2000’s) 1 st Koran car “Pony” (‘74) High-speed bullet train(2000’s) Magnetic levitation train(2000’s) 30 Achievement in Transportation

16. O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

17. S&T as a supporting element to economic growth S&T as a key driving force to economic progress and societal development S&T as an instrument (tool) to achieve other social objectives S&T as a social institution in life and social culture Korea should create new source of competitive edge in S&T in order to strengthen and improve the current potential. - fostering creativity, - improving comprehensiveness, - strengthening knowledge infrastructures, etc.

18. Thank You!