1. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Version 3.1 Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps

2. A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team The world is not flat. It’s a “Round-ish Shape” (if that makes any sense)

3. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team It’s got Lumps and Bumps

4. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Creeks and Rivers

5. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Differences in Vegetation

6. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team And… many interesting features (natural & man-made)

7. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Map reading is the art of being able to look at a 2D image (map) to gain a 3D overview of the area that has been represented on that map.

8. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 1.Types of Maps Topographic Orthophoto How do you fold them?

9. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 2.Projections A projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude LatitudeLongitude The Prime Meridian East West The Equator North South Activity 1: Hand out the historic projection examples

10. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 2.Projections Distortion Transverse Mercator Antarctica

11. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Universal Transverse Mercator 2.Projections

12. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 3.Grid Systems Australia

13. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Latitude & Longitude lines based upon the Map Grid of Australia (MGA) 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o East of the Prime Meridian 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8 o South of the Equator 8o8o 6o6o 3.Grid Systems

14. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team This UTM Projection is used to creates Zones 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 3.Grid Systems Activity 2: Hand out the MGA zone reference sheet

15. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team This is Zone 55H 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 3.Grid Systems

16. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team A single zone is closer to a rectangle than the whole country 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 3.Grid Systems

17. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team But rectangular maps still don’t fit 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 3.Grid Systems

18. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team And where is the Point of Origin? (Reference Point) 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 3.Grid Systems

19. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 A False Point of Origin (somewhere to lock the grid system to) 10,000km from the Equator then set to 0 o North 3.Grid Systems

20. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team The maps in zones are lined up to a Central Meridian 108 o 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 500km west of the Central Meridian then set to 0 o East 10,000km from the Equator then set to 0 o North 3.Grid Systems

21. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team This system is repeated for each zone 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 108 o 3.Grid Systems

22. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 108 o 3.Grid Systems

23. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Zone 55H 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 108 o 10,000km from the Equator then set to 0 o North 500km west of the Central Meridian then set to 0 o East 3.Grid Systems

24. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Where two zones meet 114 o 120 o 126 o 132 o 138 o 144 o 150 o 156 o 48 o 40 o 32 o 24 o 16 o 8o8o G H J K L 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 108 o 3.Grid Systems

25. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Shooters Hill & Kanangra 3.Grid Systems

26. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Shooters Hill & Kanangra 3.Grid Systems

27. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Shooters Hill & Kanangra 3.Grid Systems

28. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Shooters Hill & Kanangra 3.Grid Systems

29. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Shooters Hill & Kanangra 75 (775000m East) 76 77 23 (223000m East) 24 25 34 35 36 (6234000m North) 3.Grid Systems

30. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team This method of aligning map sheets to a datum is known as the Geocentric Datum of Australia 3.Grid Systems

31. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team An understanding of UTM, GDA and MGA will ensure that we are communicating grid references correctly. 3.Grid Systems

32. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 4.Map Sheet Information a)Map title b)Map edition & sheet number c)Map scale d)Type of map e)Approximate location f)GDA symbol

33. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Scale (linear scale) b)Contour Interval c)Legend or key to symbols 4.Map Sheet Information Activity 3: Finding features on the Cooma map sheet Activity 4: Hand out fire mapping symbols

34. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Grid MGA, Grid lines at intervals of 1000m AMG shown in blue b)Projection (UTM) 4.Map Sheet Information

35. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Location b)Adjoining maps c)North points diagram d)Counties & Local Government Areas e)Grid reference block f)Additional datum information (important information for GPS users) GV 4.Map Sheet Information Activity 5: Find the zones (Cooma map sheet) with the MGA zone reference sheet

36. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 5.Map Scale a)Common scales are: 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:100 000 b)The linear scale c)Measuring distances on a map (paper, string or ruler) A contour interval reference is also provided Activity 6: Complete the distance exercise sheet

37. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 6.Contours Activity 7: Complete the contours exercise sheet

38. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 7.Map Coordinates a)Latitude & Longitude note: problems with distance.

39. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Latitude & Longitude 36 o 52’ 30” S 149 o 15’ 00” E 149 o 16’ 00” E 149 o 17’ 00” E 36 o 52’ 00” S 36 o 51’ 00” S 36 o 50’ 00” S Latitude increases in value in southerly direction at 00 o 01’ 00” intervals from the Equator Over Australia, Longitude increases in value in easterly direction at 00 o 01’ 00” intervals from the Prime Meridian 7.Map Coordinates

40. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Northings & Eastings 701 000mE of false origin for this zone Zero is 500 000m west of the Central Meridian 702 000mE ? 703 000mE 5 917 000mN of false origin 5 918 000mN Eastings increase in value in easterly direction Northings increase in value in northerly direction AMG Beware 13 figure grid references AMG 5 919 000mN 5 920 000mN 1000m 7.Map Coordinates

41. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team 8.Grid References a)Map details b)Four figure c)Six figure d)Avoid thirteen figure references e)Fourteen figure Thirteen Figure GR 7016005918600 Cathcart map sheet or 55HGV Grid Ref 0120 (somewhere in this blue square) Remember to go across before you go up and down (east then north) Start with the map details (to suit you operational standards) Cathcart map sheet or 55HGV Grid Ref 016186 (somewhere in this blue square) Fourteen Figure GR 07016005918600 Eastings 0701600 Northings 5918600 Convert to 6 fig

42. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team a)Using a Romer Scale The dam is at grid reference: Cathcart map sheet 1:25,000 034195 8.Grid References Activity 8: Complete the grid references exercise sheet

43. Map Reading & GPS Part One - Maps A guide for Firefighters NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team Any Questions?