1. Contraceptive Methods

2. What is it?
Contraception occurs by either preventing the fertilization of an ovum (egg) by the sperm cell, or the prevention of implantation of the embryo (fertilized egg) into the lining of the uterus.

3. Methods
Hormonal
Barrier
Spermicidal
Natural
Permanent

4. Hormonal Barrier Spermicidal Natural Permanent Pill Male Condom Patch
Ring
Injection-Depo Provera
Male Condom
Female Condom
Diaphragm
Cap
Spermicidal
Natural
Permanent
Foam/Jelly/Film
Sponge
Lubricated condom
Fertility Awareness Method
Tube Ligation
Vasectomy

5. Birth Control Methods Abstinence Withdrawl Birth Control Pills
Male Condom
Female Condom
Diaphragm
spermicidal
Birth Control Implant-norplant
Birth Control Patch
Birth Control Shot
Birth Control Sponge
Vaginal Nuva Ring
Breast Feeding
Cervical Cap
Contraceptive film
IUD
Deprovera - injection
Tubal ligation
Vasectomy

6. Abstinence
The practice of restraining from sexual activity (vaginal oral, anal)
Only method that is 100% effective against STI’s and pregnancy
Never at risk
Some find it hard to abstain, but there are no medical side effects

7. Withdrawal
Withdrawal is when a man pulls his penis out of the vagina prior to ejaculation.
No STI protection
Pregnancy? percent
Risky decision- sperm can live in pre-ejaculation
Could cause extreme stress

8. Fertility Awareness Method
AKA calendar or rhythm method
keeping track of one’s menstrual cycle, taking basal body temperature measurements and vaginal discharge observations, and avoiding sexual intercourse during fertile days (before, during and after ovulation).
Can pay for class be taught to chart cycle-unsafe for teens who have irregular periods
Sperm can live in the vagina for several days / cause stress in relationship
No STI protection
Pregnancy? %

9. Chemical Methods Birth Control Pills Injection-Depro-Provera Patch
Implant

10. Birth Control Pills
Pill taken each day that has hormones that prevent your body from releasing an egg No egg = no pregnancy.
Thicken the mucus of the cervix to make it harder for sperm to enter the uterus
DOES NOT protect from STI’s
Should not serve as only form of birth control

11. Birth Control Pills Other advantages:
Reduces menstrual cramps, lighter periods, some protection against acne,
Disadvantages:
bleeding between periods, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, nausea and vomiting can be prevented by taking the pill in the evening or at bedtime.
(If the pill is stopped, it takes one to two months for regular period to continue)
Prescribed by doctor because of differing hormone levels(15-35 dollars a month)
91-99 percent effective against pregnancy

12. Birth Control Injection
Depo-Provera is a hormone (progestin) that is injected into the arm or buttock every 3 months. It stops the release of an egg and makes the mucous in the cervix thick
Prescribed, convenient, does not interrupt sex, irregular periods
NO STI protection, percent pregnancy protection

13. Birth Control Injection
Could have delayed return to fertility for up to two years, weight gain, osteoporosis (thining of bones)
$30-75 per shot plus doctor fee

14. Birth Control Patch AKA Othro-Evera
Bandage like patch that contain hormones (estrogen and progestin) that release into skin and prevent an egg from being released.
Patch changed weekly for 3 weeks (no patch during period)
Prescription needed
No STI protection
91-99 percent effective against pregnancy

15. Birth Control Patch Cost- $30-35 a month plus doctor fees
Does not fall off while bathing or swimming
DO NOT USE IF YOU SMOKE

16. Birth Control Implant Norplant
6 matchstick-sized rods inserted in the arm by doctor to prevent pregnancy
Possible to see it

17. Birth Control Implant Norplant
Lasts up to five years but can be removed early
Releases hormone progestin that stops ovary from releasing egg
Cost: dollars
99 percent effective

18. Birth Control Implant Norplant
Side effects-
Irregular bleeding for first 6-12 months
Longer or shorter periods
Nausea and weight gain
Serious warning signs: lump in breast, pain at insertion site, prolonged bleeding

19. Vaginal Ring
AKA Nuva Ring
Nuva Ring-is a soft, flexible, clear plastic ring that is inserted into the vagina, where it slowly releases two types of hormones (estrogen and progestin)
Can stay in place for 21 days. After 7 day break, the ring is replaced.
Prescription needed ($30-35 a month plus doctor fees)
No STI protection, pregnancy? 91-99

20. Plan B-Emergency Contraception
EC is a hormone pill that can prevent pregnancy by stopping the release of an egg, changing the lining of the uterus, or changing the movement of the egg and sperm.
No prescription needed
No STI protection

21. Plan B- Emergency Contraception
When to use? EC can be used after:
unprotected sex
failure of a birth control method (ex: broken condom
Should not be used as only form; alone is not as effective

22. Plan B-Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception is 95% effective when taken less than 24 hours after unprotected intercourse
Can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex
30-65 dollars

23. Barrier Methods Male Condom Female Condom Diaphragm cap
ONLY PROTECTION THERE IS AGAINST STI’s

24. Male Condom
Thin latex or synthetic non-reusable covering that is rolled onto the erect penis.
Condoms prevent pregnancy by collecting pre-cum and semen when a man ejaculates. This keeps sperm from entering the vagina.
Helps prevent STI’s
Pregnancy? percent effective

25. Male Condom
Look for latex, spermicide, nonoxyol9, and expiration date. Nonoxyol 9 offers some protection against STD’s

26. Male Condom
Advantages
Drug stores, supermarkets, online
STI protection
Side effects:
-latex sensitivity
-Can break or leak
-can’t be used with oil based lubricants
Cost: as little as a dollar each, sometimes available for free
Can be combined with other birth control methods; only used once

27. Female Condom
Pouch inserted into vagina to prevent pregnancy. Has a flexible ring at each end
Collects pre-cum and semen when a man ejaculates
Inserted into the vagina like a tampon. The closed end should reach the cervix.

29. Female Condom Used for vaginal and anal intercourse
Reduces the risk for STI’s
79-95% effective against pregnancy
Cost: about 4 dollars at drug store

30. Female Condom Advantages:
-stays in place whether male has an erection or not
-Can be inserted up to 8 hours before but must be taken our right after intercourse
Disadvantages-
-Irritation to the vagina
-slip into the vagina during intercourse

31. Diaphragm
A diaphragm is made of latex. It is shaped like a saucer and has a flexible rim. It fits over the cervix
It must be inserted before intercourse and removed and cleaned after.
Prescription needed for pelvic exam
Pregnancy? percent effective
Some STI protection

32. Diaphragm
Used with spermicidal jelly

33. Diaphragm
Can cause irritation or itchiness which can increase your risk of developing an STI
Can be inserted 2 hours beforehand for up to 24 hours. More spermicide needed
Replaced every two years
$75 plus spermicide, exams, and fitting

34. Cervical Cap
The cervical cap is a silicone cup shaped like a sailor's hat. You insert it into your vagina and over your cervix. Blocks uterus
Must be used with spermicide cream or jelly-stops sperm from moving
Must be washed after use
Stay in for up to 48 hours, no additional spermicide needed
Up to $75 plus exams and spermicide

35. Diaphragm Vs. Cap What’s the difference?
Cap can be left in for 48 hours and needs no additional spermicide
Diaphragm can be left in for 24 hours and needs extra spermicide for each time of intercourse

36. Vaginal Spermicides Foam/Jelly/Film-(dissolves)
A spermicide must be inserted into the vagina before each act of intercourse. It contains an active ingredient (Nonoxynol-9) that kills sperm.
No STI protection
Pregnancy? 72-82%
Recommended to use another form of birth control
May experience irritation

37. Vaginal Spermicides
Contraceptive Foam: A product that comes in a can and has an applicator to put the foam into the vagina.
Contraceptive Jelly: comes in a tube and is usually used with a diaphragm.
Vaginal Contraceptive Film: A very thin transparent square of film that dissolves quickly and releases nonoxynol-9
Sponge: A piece of soft foam that covers the cervix filled with three kinds of spermicides.
Condom lubricated with spermicide

38. Sponge
The sponge is a non-reusable piece of soft foam that is filled with spermicide and must be inserted inside the vagina before intercourse and must remain in place for six hours after intercourse
No prescription needed; drug store bought
No STI prevention
Pregnancy? %
Recommended to use more than one form of birth control
Could cause vaginal irritation

39. Sponge Allergies, irritation, TSS, difficult to insert and remove
Cost- 1-2 dollars

40. IUD-Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Small soft piece of plastic or copper with a nylon string on it. Releases hormones that kill sperm
2 types
Copper T-kills sperm before it can get to egg. Could have painful periods
Hormonal- releases progestin that kills sperm and thickens mucus. May have no periods.

41. IUD-Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
No STI protection
Convenient-can stay in place for up to 5 years but can be removed at any time
Pregnancy?
plastic IUD- 99.8% effective
Copper T IUD-99.2%- 99.4% effective
Increased risk of PID with an STI
Cost

42. Not recommended for young women or women who haven’t had children yet.
If you become pregnant while the IUD is in the uterus – you have a 50% chance of having a miscarriage.

43. Tube Ligation
permanent that sterilizes the woman. A surgical operation is used to cut or “tie off” the fallopian tubes
Occasionally this method can be reversed but you need to talk to your doctor. Can be very costly
Effective Immediately
No STI protection
Pregnancy? 99 percent
Can cost 3,000-6,000

44. Vasectomy permanent method that sterilizes the man.
A surgical procedure closes the vas deferens (tubes) that carry sperm. Occasionally this method can be reversed but you need to talk to your doctor.
No STI protection
Pregnancy? 99%
Not effective immediately
Cost-$

47. “Some people always use contraception consistently and effectively because…”

48. “Some people “forget,” or don’t use contraception correctly because…

49. How can contraceptive effectiveness be reduced?
Improper care of condoms
Expired
Improper use
Forgetting to use in time
Certain medications

50. How can the effectiveness of a condom be increased?

51. Increasing effectiveness of Condom
Having one available
Only use once
Store in dark cool place
Check expiration date
Use before genital to genital touching (pre-ejaculatory fluid)
Withdrawal while penis is still erect
Consider EC if condom breaks

52. How can the effectiveness of the pill be increased?

53. Increasing effectiveness of pill
Take every day at the same time
Always have a back up pack in case you run out
Check to make sure other medications don’t interfere
Use other form of contraception

54. Do Now
Using your notes from the previous class, put the contraceptive methods into the following categories:
1- Barrier
2-Spermicidal
3-Permanent
4-Hormonal
5-Natural *Some may fall under more than one category

55. Adoption vs Abortion
Abortion Pill-Take medicines to end an early pregnancy
Safe and effective Available from many Planned Parenthood health centers
Costs up to $800, but often less
97% effective
In Clinic Medical procedures
Safe and effective
Available from many Planned Parenthood health centers
Costs up to $1,500 in the first trimester, but often less