2. Ass.Professor GÜLTEN MANİOĞLU PASSIVE CLIMATISATION Environmental Control Studio 2014-2015 Fall Term

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL Control of the environment may be defined as organization of an artificial environment by establishing the relationship between comfort and building parameters, by combining the optimum values of the building parameters providing for thermal, visual and acoustical comfort.

4. In architectural studies, built environment comprises the following aspects: Region City Layout of buildings Building Room Building element Building component Material

5. PASSIVE CLIMATIZATION When indoor climatic comfort of the users is satisfied without any additional active system in a building, this building can be considered as a passively designed system

6. CLIMATE Climate, is the weather averaged over a long period of time (30 years). sun, precipitation, wind and temperature.

7. CLIMATIC REGIONS OF TURKEY ISTANBUL ANTALYA DIYARBAKIR ERZURUM ANKARA

8. METEOROLOGY Meteorology,can be defined as weather science or the science establishing the atmosphere, the events occurring in the atmosphere and the changes in it. Meteorology studies short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks.

9. Indoor air temperature, Indoor humidity, Indoor surface temperature Indoor air movements Internal climatic elements affected by decisions of the architect.

10. External climatic elements which affect the architect’s decisions. Outdoor air temperature, Outdoor humidity, Solar radiation Outdoor air movement

16. Humidity Humidity; is defined as the amount of water vapor in a sample of air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at any specific temperature (g/m3). The relative humidity (RH) is a form of expression as it gives a direct indication of evaporation potential. Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of moisture present, to the amount of moisture the air could expressed as percentage.

17. COLDCAUTION EXTREME CAUTION DANGER EXTREME DANGER

18. Relative Humidity For Ankara, %

19. Relative Humidity For Diyarbakır, %

20. Relative Humidity For Erzurum, %

21. Relative Humidity For Antalya, %

22. Relative Humidity For İstanbul, %

23. Solar Radiation Solar radiation (It); is defined as a sum of a direct (I o ) (the radiation transmitted directly through the atmosphere), diffuse (I d ) (the radiation scattered) and reflected radiation (I r ). It=I o +I d +I r W/m2

24. Solar Radiation Intensity for Different Climatic Regions

25. Solar Radiation in Various Direction

26. Air movement Air movement; is defined as the wind mostly parallel to earth’s surface. Air movements are defined by their; Direction Wind speed Velocity

27. Design wind Regional prevailing winds are considered as the “design wind” in architecture.

29. Wind blow frequencies for Erzurum,%

30. Wind blow frequencies for Antalya, %

31. Wind blow frequencies for Diyarbakır, %

32. Wind blow frequencies for Ankara, %

33. Wind blow frequencies for İstanbul, %

34. COLDCAUTION EXTREME CAUTION DANGER EXTREME DANGER

35. Bioclimatic comfort chart The chart is a cartesian plot of temperature versus humidity, on which is shown the comfort zone for a person wearing 0.8 clo (typical indoor clothing levels for heating season) with an activity level of 1.3 met( equivalent to light household work) in a room with negligible air movement, average humidity and away from direct sunshine.

36. PASSIVE DESIGN PARAMETERS

37. Passive Design Parameters Affecting Built Environment Settlement Distance between buildings Building form Orientation Optical and thermophysical properties of building envelope

38. SETTLEMENT Settlement is an effective design variable for the control of climate and microclimate around the buildings. Topography, orientation and vegetation of the land can have a decisive influence on settlement

39. The appropriate location for settlement units on a theoretical land According to the climatic regions, settlement units should be located and constructed in a higher or lower part of the thermal zone

40. DISTANCE BETWEEN BUILDINGS The parameters that define the obstruction Height of the building Solar Profile angle Direction and the slope of the settlement

41. Shadow patterns of buildings

42. Ataköy 5. kısım settlement, 21 January 10:00-16:00

43. Ataköy 5. kısım settlement, 21 July 10:00-16:00

45. Saat 10:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM

46. ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ 21.Ocak saat 10:00

47. ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ 21.Ocak saat 11:00

48. 21.Ocak saat 12:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

49. 21.Ocak saat 13:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

50. 21.Ocak saat 14:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

51. 21.Ocak saat 15:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ I

52. 21.Ocak saat 16:00 ATAKÖY 1. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

53. ATAKÖY 6. KISIM Saat 16:00

54. Saat 10:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

55. Saat 11:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

56. Saat 12:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

57. Saat 13:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

58. Saat 14:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

59. Saat 15:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

60. Saat 16:00 ATAKÖY 6. KISIM İÇİN GÖLGE ANALİZLERİ

61. Shadow patterns

62. Trees and tall gardens fences can cause overshadowing on building facades. Trees in full leaf can intercept 70-90% of the radiation reaching their crown. Vegetation and Trees

63. Existing trees on a site should present no real problem to solar access if adequate spacing is adopted.

64. Evergreen trees may offer a better protection against unfavorable winds from northerly directions.

65. BUILDING FORM shape factor (the ratio of building length to building depth) height roof type

66. Surface area By reducing surface area of the building's thermal envelope, it is possible to reduce heat transfer. Surface area is closely related to the geometry or form of the building.

67. Shape and Surface area

68. Heating energy consumption of different building forms The shape and complexity of a house design affects the surface area and the overall energy used for heating and cooling.

69. The suitable form of buildings differs according to climatic regions In temperate humid regions; rectangular and irregular building form, with a large surface to the wind reduce the humidity, Walls should be well insulated

70. ISTANBUL

72. BURSA

73. RİZE

74. TRABZON

75. In temperate dry regions; compact and close to a square form provide protection from the winter wind. Walls should be well insulated

76. ANKARA- Beypazarı

80. In hot and dry regions; atrium types building form provides always shady areas into the open spaces. Thick walls with very high thermal mass create cool areas. Flat roofs and narrow streets are main characteristics of hot and dry climate.

81. MARDİN

84. DİYARBAKIR

88. In hot and humid regions ; building form close to rectangular shape, exposed to the wind and elevated from the ground reduce the undesirable effect of humidity. Large openening located on the north and south side to provide cross- ventilation. b

89. ANTAKYA

90. MUĞLA

92. In cold regions ; compact and square form reduce the heat loss from the building, Walls should be wind tight and well insulated.

93. ERZURUM

95. BİTLİS

98. ORIENTATION Orientation of the building is determined by the climatic factors such as solar radiation and wind

99. Orientation is concerning to maximize shading and ventilation during the cooling season and to maximize solar radiation and minimize wind exposure during the heating season.

100. Orientation A south-facing facade is potentially in view of the sun from sunrise to sunset during winter and autumn and for much of the day during spring and summer.

103. Percentage increase in space heating with deviation from a mainly due south window orientation

107. Orientation according to wind aims not to increase heat losses in winter and to prevent air pollution. The impact of wind on the building form creates areas of positive pressure on the windward side of a building and negative pressure on the leeward sides of the building.

108. (+) (-) (+) (-)

109. Predominant wind direction for different climatic regions

110. Passive design parameters for each climatic region Orientation relative to the sun and wind are significantly different for each climatic region. In hot and dry regions; the orientation of building should decrease the heating effect of solar radiation In hot and humid regions; the orientation of building should decrease the heating effect of solar radiation and maximize the cooling effect of prevailing wind. In cold regions; heat gain from the solar radiation should be maximized