1. Age of Exploration Age of Exploration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVGFX7DJiWc Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOVTMnIB38Q \ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOVTMnIB38Q \

2.   Renaissance spirit of individualism  Search for spices and profits  Desire to cultivate cash crops  Desire to spread Christianity  New technology  “God, Gold and Glory” I. Factors that Encouraged European Overseas Exploration

3.   Prince Henry The Navigator (1394-1460)  Set up trading posts in Africa  Bartholomew Diaz  Vasco de Gama  Introduced Spain to the profits of the spice trade  Commercial trading posts  Did not conquer new lands  Trading posts meant to control trade routes  New sea routes  European Commerce shifted from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean II. Portugal

4.   Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)  Discovery of the new world  Voyages put Spain at the forefront of European expansion  Spanish Conquests  Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico (1513-1521)  Francisco Pizarro conquered Incas in Peru (1532-33)  Spanish America  End of 16 th century Spain’s empire in the New World was 20x its own size  Aztec are converted to Christianity III. Spain

5.   Trade controlled by various European powers  Dutch controlled most of Asia/ cut Great Britain out  Southeast Asian countries had political unity and were able to resist complete European control  English establish thriving trade in India V. Asia and India

6.   COMMON AP TOPIC  16 th century(1500s): Spain and Portugal dominated  Spanish Armada’s defeat decreased Spain’s world power  17 th century (1600s):Dutch added to commercial empire  18 th century (1770s): English and French Empires VI. The Americas

7.   COMMON AP TOPIC  Global diffusion of agricultural products, animals, diseases and human populations  New World  Old World  Agricultural products: potatoes, maize, tomatoes, peanuts, tobacco, vanilla, and chocolate  Animals: turkeys  Diseases: Syphilis  Old World  New World  Agricultural products: coffee, sugar, wheat, rice  Animals: cows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens  Diseases: smallpox, measles and diphtheria  Humans II. The Columbian Exchange

8.  Consequences  Europe  Diet improved  Wealth to Spain that triggered inflation  Wealth generated by New World colonies increased the power of Western Europe  Africa  Triangular trade (1500-1800)  New World  European diseases destroyed populations (90%)  Horses transformed the lives of Plains Indians of North America  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= HQPA5oNpfM4 II. The Columbian Exchange

9.   Africa offered profits  10 million African slaves were sold in the Americans (1500s-1800s)  High death rate  African slave traders  Tension between African tribes  https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY III. Africa and the Slave Trade

10.   The Conquered  Population loss: war, disease and slave trade  Customs replaced by European customs  Racially and culturally diverse children  Catholicism spread  The Conquerors  New opportunities  Inflation  Diversified diet and population growth  Piracy  Luxury goods IV. The Impact of Expansion