3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) A. DNA 1.Determines traits and codes for proteins 2.Found in nucleus of the cell Pg. 129

4. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) B. Structure 1.Shape = Double Helix 2.Subunit= Nucleotide (3 parts) a. Phosphate Group b. Sugar – Deoxyribose c. Nitrogen Base (A,T,C,G) Pg. 129

6. 4 different bases = 4 different nucleotides C G A T

7. 3. Twisted Ladder a. Sides = sugar and phosphate b. Rungs (steps) = bases Pg. 129

8. Nucleotide (Subunit) Hydrogen Bonds Base Pair Rule A – T G – C

9. History 1.Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins – X-ray picture of DNA Pg. 131

10. Proved DNA had a Helical Shape

11. 2. Watson and Crick – Model of DNA WatsonCrick Pg. 131

12. 3.Chargaff = base pair rule A with T A=adenine T=Thymine G with C G=Guanine C=Cytosine Ex. Strand 1- ATG GGC CTA Strand 2- Pg. 131 TAC CCG GAT

14. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid A with U A=adenine U=Uracil G with C G=Guanine C=Cytosine DNA: Strand 1- ATG GGC CTA RNA Strand 2- Pg. 131 UAC CCG GAU

15. DNA Song We love DNA Made of Nucleotides Phosphate, Sugar, and a Base Bonded Down one Side Adenine and Thymine Make a Lovely Pair Cytosine without Guanine Would feel really bare

16. Pg. 130

17. DEOXYRIBOSE PHOSPHATE NITROGEN ADENINE GUANINE THYMINE CYTOSINE ADENINE GUANINE CYTOSINE URACIL

18. FRANKLIN WATSONCRICK RAILS RUNGS DIVIDES INTERPHASE THE SEQUENCE OF BASES

19. 20 UAA UAG UGA AUG RIBOSOME NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM/ RIBOSOME 1

20. POINT SUBSTITUTION INSERTION DELETION NO 19.What is the name of the chemicals or radiation that can damage DNA and cause mutations ? MUTAGENS 20. What is the central dogma of biology? DNA CODES FOR RNA, WHICH GUIDES THE MAKING OF PROTEINS.